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Industrial Revolution

Explore the transformation of manufacturing in the 18th century through the rise of factories, technology innovations, and the impact on cities. Discover how key inventions and the transportation revolution shaped this era.

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution

  2. Industrial Revolution • Manufacturing of the 18th century • Hand tools & small-scale manufacturing • Agriculture centered economy • Pushed by Democratic-Republicans • Technology improvement creates a shift toward large-scale production

  3. Free Enterprise & Factories • Workers and machines together under one roof • Water frame: • Power machines in factories • Samuel Slater • 1st successful water-powered textile mill • People leave farms to work in factories for wages on a set schedule

  4. Free Enterprise and Factories • New England was ideal for factories • Built factories near water for power source • Land not beneficial for farming Poor, rocky soil • People willing to work in factories • Fast flowing rivers • Near Atlantic Ocean

  5. Free Enterprise and Factories • Free Enterprise: • Competition, profit, private property, & economic freedom • Allows for competition • Minimum government interference • Many people invested in industry during the War of 1812 • Businessmen built factories and grew wealthy

  6. Impact on Cities • Industrial cities grew the quickest • Most on rivers • Needed water power • New England had many fast-flowing rivers • City Disadvantages: • Waste disposal was an issue • Threat of disease • Fires were a constant threat • Overcrowded living conditions • City Advantages: • Libraries, museums, shops • Jobs & attractions outweighed the dangers

  7. TechnologyRevolution • Spinning jenny: • Produces many spools of yarn • Power loom: • Weave & press thread into cloth • Advances made it possible for any unskilled workers to produce cloth • Patent Law: • Passed to protect rights of inventors

  8. Lowell Mills Francis Cabot Lowell built a factoryin Massachusetts Figured out how to work power looms in England (stole the technology like Samuel Slater) So successful he built a factory town called Lowell

  9. Technology Innovations • Factories did many tasks in one place • Increase efficiency • Interchangeable parts • Each part of a manufactured item was exactly alike • Reduced prices • Became the industry standard

  10. TransportationRevolution Roads built to connect cities States charged tolls or fees to drive wagons on the streets of crushed stone Robert Fulton: Builds a steam boat Commercially transport people up the Hudson River in 32 hours Using only sails would take 4 days A new age of river travel Shipping goods & moving people became cheaper and faster Canals built for trade Erie Canal

  11. Industrial Revolution’s Key Inventions

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