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Warm-Up 2/6/2012

Warm-Up 2/6/2012. What are the three types of stimuli and how are they different? . Build a Foldable. Watch the DEMONSTRATION. Get your piece of paper. BUILD YOUR FOLDABLE!!! FIRST FLAP: LABEL THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS. Major Organs of the Endocrine System. Put one on EACH flap.

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Warm-Up 2/6/2012

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  1. Warm-Up 2/6/2012 What are the three types of stimuli and how are they different?

  2. Build a Foldable • Watch the DEMONSTRATION. • Get your piece of paper. • BUILD YOUR FOLDABLE!!! • FIRST FLAP: LABEL THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS

  3. Major Organs of the Endocrine System Put one on EACH flap • Pituitary • Thyroid/ Parathyroid • Adrenal • Pineal • Thymus • Pancreas • Gonads

  4. The Endocrine Glands DUCTLESS GLANDS: do not have a connection to the surface. These glands release their hormones directly into the blood stream or lymph

  5. For EACH gland we will • Characteristics of the glands • List the hormones and their associations • Talk about disorders associated

  6. Pituitary Gland “the MASTER gland” Two lobes: anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

  7. Anterior Pituitary All hormones are proteins! Major Hormones: Growth Hormone (GH): determines full body size; effects growth of skeletal muscles Prolactin (PRL): after birth, stimulates and maintains milk production by the mother’s breast

  8. Posterior Pituitary Does NOT make hormones; STORES hormones OXYTOCIN: stimulates powerful contractions of uterine muscle during labor; cause milk ejection; used to induce labor Antiduiretic Hormone (ADH): [vasopressin] inhibits or prevents urine production; causes kidneys to reabsorb water; increases blood volume and blood pressure

  9. Thyroid Gland Composed of hollow structures called follicles (where thyroid hormone is derived)

  10. Thyroid Hormone • “metabolic hormone” • Controls the rate at which glucose is “burned” and converted to body heat and chemical energy • Two components • Throxine • Triiodothyronine

  11. Calcitonin Decreases blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be deposited in the bones; released directly into the blood

  12. Parathyroid Two parathyroid glands on each thyroid lobe (TOTAL 4) Parathyroid hormone (PTH): regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood Bone destruction by PTH to release calcium Calcium =

  13. Warm-Up 2/7/2012 An individual has increased concentrations of Calcium in the blood. What are the two possibilities for this occurrence?

  14. Adrenal Gland • Curved over the top of kidneys • Acts as two endocrine organs in one • 2 parts • Adrenal Cortex • Adrenal Medulla

  15. Adrenal Cortex • 3 Major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids • Mineralocorticoids: mainly aldosterone; important in regulating mineral (SALT) content of the blood • TARGET KIDNEY TUBULES

  16. Adrenal Cortex • Glucocorticoids: include cortisone and cortisol; promote normal cell metabolism and help body to resist long-term stressors by increasing glucose levels. • When fats and proteins are broken down • Often prescribed as drugs to suppress inflammation. • sex hormones: androgens (male) estrogens (female) secreted in relatively small amounts.

  17. Adrenal Medulla • Catecholamines • “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” • increase heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, dialate lung passageways. • Copes with short-term stress called alarm stage Epinephrine (adrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

  18. Pancreas - Best hidden of the endocrine glands are the pancreatic islets

  19. Hormones of the Pancreas • Insulin- stimulated by increased levels of glucose in the blood. Acts on all body cells and increases their ability to transport glucose across the plasma membrane. Sweeps insulin out of the blood.

  20. Hormones of the Pancreas • Glucagon: works against insulin. Primary target in the liver. Stimulates to break down stored glycogen to glucose and release the glucose to the blood.

  21. Pineal Body IT’S A MYSTERY Hormone: Melatonin: “sleep trigger” rise and fall through the course of the day. High Levels = drowsiness

  22. Thymus • Decreases size throughout adulthood. • Hormone: • Thymosin: essential for normal development of white blood cells and the immune response.

  23. Gonads Identical to the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. Differ in source and amount

  24. Female Gonads OVARIES Two steroid hormones: Estrogens: responsible for development of sex characteristics. Progesterone: acts to bring about the menstrual cycle

  25. Male Gonads TESTES Hormone: Testosterone- promotes growth and maturation of the reproductive system organs to prepare for reproduction.

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