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A New Era in the USSR

A New Era in the USSR. Lenin’s New Economic Policy. March 1921 – Lenin creates NEP New Economic Policy Peasants allowed to sell produce openly Retail stores w/less than 20 employees could be privately owned Heavy industry, banking and mines remained under gov’t control. The Soviet Union.

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A New Era in the USSR

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  1. A New Era in the USSR

  2. Lenin’s New Economic Policy • March 1921 – Lenin creates NEP • New Economic Policy • Peasants allowed to sell produce openly • Retail stores w/less than 20 employees could be privately owned • Heavy industry, banking and mines remained under gov’t control

  3. The Soviet Union • 1922 – Lenin and Communists create new state • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

  4. Lenin dies in 1924 • Power struggle ensues among Politburo • Communist Party’s policy makers • Trotsky • Wanted to end NEP • Industrialization at expense of peasants • Wanted to spread communism abroad

  5. Rise of Stalin • Joseph Stalin served as party general secretary • Most important position in Communist party • Appointed party officials on national and local levels

  6. Gained complete control of party by 1929 • Cleansed Politburo of revolutionary Bolshevik elements

  7. Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy

  8. Command Economy • “We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years.” • 1928 – calls for command economy • Government made all economic decisions • Political leaders identify needs and ways to fulfill them

  9. An Industrial Revolution • 5-Yr Plans • Set impossibly high quotas to increase output • Steel, coal, oil, electricity • Limit production of consumer goods • Severe shortages of housing, food, clothing

  10. Methods produce results • 1928-1937 • 25% increase in steel production • Production of machinery quadrupled • Oil production doubled

  11. Agricultural Revolution • Collective Farms • 1928 – gov’t seizes 25 million privately owned farms • Combined into large, gov’t owned farms • Worked on by hundreds of families • Produced food for the state • Peasants fight takeover • Killed livestock • Burned crops

  12. Secret Police force peasants to work • 5 – 10 million die • 1938 – 90% of peasants work on farms • Produced twice as much wheat as it had in 1928 • State farms • Areas where farming is difficult • Operated like factories • Workers receive wages instead of a share of profits

  13. Daily Life Under Stalin • Women’s roles expanded • People became better educated • Mastered new skills • Economic plans called for skilled workers • University and technical training became key to better life • Advances came at great costs • Personal freedoms limited • Consumer goods in short supply • Dissent prohibited

  14. Women Gain Rights • Bolshevik Revolution declared men and women equal • Laws were passed to give women rights • 5-yr plans forced women to work • State provided child care for working mothers • Some women perform same jobs as men

  15. Soviet women pay a price • Also had to care for children and do housework • Motherhood is patriotic duty • Provide state with next generation of loyal, obedient citizens

  16. Total Control Achieved • Mid-1930s Stalin transformed USSR into totalitarian regime • Unopposed as dictator • Opposed individual creativity • Threat to conformity and obedience • Total social control and rule by terror

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