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The Battle of Chancellorsville May 1-6 1863

The Battle of Chancellorsville May 1-6 1863. Northern General = Joseph “Fighting Joe” Hooker Troop Strength – 134,000 Southern General = Robert E. Lee Troop Strength – 58,900 After Fredericksburg, Lincoln fires Burnside and replaces him with Hooker

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The Battle of Chancellorsville May 1-6 1863

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  1. The Battle of ChancellorsvilleMay 1-6 1863 • Northern General = Joseph “Fighting Joe” Hooker • Troop Strength – 134,000 • Southern General = Robert E. Lee • Troop Strength – 58,900 • After Fredericksburg, Lincoln fires Burnside and replaces him with Hooker • Lee decides to divide his army in two to confuse Hooker and surprise him

  2. Joseph Hooker “My plans are perfect, and when I start to carry them out, may God have mercy on General Lee, for I will have none,”

  3. Robert E. Lee

  4. Lee’s Masterpiece • Hooker thinks his army is safely positioned • Stonewall Jackson’s men surprise the Union troops • Hooker is then hit with fragments from a porch and knocked unconscious • He lost control of the army and ordered a withdrawal

  5. Friendly Fire • On May 2nd 1863, Jackson left camp to scout the enemy position at night • As he returned around 9pm, he was accidentally shot by his own men • He was shot in left arm twice and once in the right hand

  6. Death of a General • Jackson’s left arm is amputated and he is close to death • Stonewall Jackson dies on May 10th 1863 from pneumonia • General Lee says, “Jackson has lost his left arm and I my right.”

  7. “Let us cross over the river, and rest under the shade of the trees.”

  8. Rebel Victory • Lee’s army again defeats the Union • Hookers comment was, “I just plain lost faith in Joe Hooker.” • Northern Casualties = 17,278 • Southern Casualties = 12,821 • Lincoln quote, “My God, what will the country say?”

  9. Sherman’s March to the SeaDecember to November 1864 • Northern General = William Tecumseh Sherman • Troop Strength - 75,000 • There was no Confederate army large enough to stop Sherman • Sherman orders all people to leave Atlanta in 5 days • Sherman says, “I will make Georgia howl.”

  10. William Tecumseh Sherman

  11. Bad News for the South • Sherman’s war strategy was to take the war to the Southern civilian • Sherman proceeds to burn Atlanta to the ground • Sherman’s army will then march toward Savannah, Georgia on the coast

  12. Devastation !!!! • Sherman’s army will kill, burn and destroy everything in its path • This path is 25-60 miles wide and 275 miles long

  13. Total War • Confederates left only with Wheeler’s cavalry (14,000) … no match for Sherman’s veteran army of 62,000 • Two large columns under Howard and Slocum would reach Savannah on December 10, 1864 • Christmas Present to Lincoln

  14. Total War • After Sherman’s army destroys Savannah he then turns north to South & North Carolina • South Carolina was to be dealt with particularly harshly • Federal troops had particular hatred for South Carolina … they started it!

  15. U. S. Grant The “S” is for SUPER

  16. Lieutenant General • March 9, 1864 - Lincoln promoted Grant to Lt. general and General in Chief of the Armies • General Halleck was made Chief of Staff (administrative, logistic, paperwork)to free up Grant to strategize overall strategy. • Grant’s plan • Grant v. Lee in East (VA) • Sherman in West to sea then North

  17. The Forty Days • Grant along same routes as Hooker and Meade through Wilderness around Chancellorsville • General Butler up Yorktown peninsula toward Richmond from South • Lee met Grant in Wilderness • May 5-7, 1864 slugfest Grant v. Lee • Lee wins decisively • 17,666 Union casualties • 7,800 Confederate casualties

  18. Both Grant’s flanks had been turned • Lee right in front of him ready to attack • Grant was NOT Pope, Hooker, etc. • He did NOT retreat • Pulled out and moved toward Spotsylvania to flank Lee • Lee anticipated and moved • Grant “killer arithmetician” • War of attrition … North could replace losses / South could not

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