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Convergence Technology

Convergence Technology. MODULE 2 - LEARNING OUTCOME 5 Describe signaling and its importance to telecommunications and differentiate various signaling techniques involved in telephony. Voice Telephony Fundamentals. What Makes the Telephone Work? The hook switch The Microphone The Speaker

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Convergence Technology

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  1. Convergence Technology MODULE 2 - LEARNING OUTCOME 5 Describe signaling and its importance to telecommunications and differentiate various signaling techniques involved in telephony.

  2. Voice Telephony Fundamentals • What Makes the Telephone Work? • The hook switch • The Microphone • The Speaker • ECHO

  3. Speaker Microphone To Wall Jack Hook Switch Anatomy of the phone

  4. Touchtone Keypad Speaker Duplex Coil Ringer Microphone To Wall Jack Hook Switch Telephone components with duplex coil and touch-tone keypad

  5. Green wire Red wire Resistor 9 Volt Battery 300 Ohm Component Configuration

  6. Vibrating Diaphragm Electric Contact Carbon Granules Wires Electric Contact Telephone Carbon Microphone

  7. Diaphragm Dust cap Suspension Magnet + - Voice coil How a speaker works

  8. Voice Telephony Fundamentals • Wires and Cables • Residential Cabling • The Telephone Network cabling • Signaling and Transmission • Analog Signals • Digital Signals

  9. Dual tone dialing pad

  10. To phones inside house Entrance Bridge Ground wire From the Central Office Entrance bridge

  11. Roadside wiring concentrator Typical phone company boxe (wiring concentrator) that you have seen by the side of the road

  12. Residences Residential cabling

  13. Voice Telephony Fundamentals Waveform Sine Wave Anatomy Frequency Wavelength Amplitude Signal Phase

  14. Electromagnetic wave form

  15. One cycle One Second One Hertz a t a V = Voltage t = time A = Amplitude 00 900 1800 2700 3600 One cycle per second = one Hertz Anatomy of a sine wave

  16. 1 cycle per second (1 Hz) One Second 2 cycles per second (2 Hz) 4 cycles per second (4 Hz) Cycles per second

  17. Phase Shift

  18. Analog signal being digitized

  19. Unipolar Bipolar Nonreturn to Zero Bipolar Return to Zero Manchester Differential Manchester Digital Signal types

  20. Analog Phone Digital Transmission (Digital Data Lines Analog Phone Codec Analog Signal Digital Signal The Codec

  21. Dallas Boston Central office A/D conversion Central Office D/A conversion Analog to Digital to Analog

  22. Voice Telephony Fundamentals • Local and Long-Distance Calling • The Protocol for Making a Phone Call • DTMF (Dual-Tone MultiFrequency)

  23. Dual tone dialing pad

  24. Voice Telephony Fundamentals • Transmission Lines • Attaching Transport Devices • Circuits • Two-Wire Circuits • Four-Wire Circuits • The Effects of Attenuation When Using Two-Wire or Four-Wire

  25. Dallas Boston Central office A/D conversion Central Office D/A conversion Analog to Digital to Analog

  26. Twisted Pair Outer Jacket Plastic insulation Outer Jacket Foil shield Eight wire - four pair Twisted Pairs Braided shield Four wire – two pair Two-wire and four-wire pairs

  27. Two-wire circuit as used in the Local Loop

  28. Receive Transmit Transmit Receive Customer Site Carrier Four-wire circuit

  29. Voice Telephony Fundamentals • Lines and Trunks • CPE Switches • Network Switches • Channels • Virtual Circuits • Flavors of Virtual Circuits • Network Connections

  30. International Gateway Core Network Class 4 Switches Interexchange Trunks Class 5 Switches Local Loop Local Exchange Trunks Subscriber Lines CPE PBX PBX Residential Phones Business Phones CPE lines, trunks, switches

  31. Voice Telephony Fundamentals • Bandwidth • Getting more out of a wire pair • Bandwidth and the Electromagnetic Spectrum • Electromagnetic Spectrum

  32. Electromagnetic Spectrum

  33. The anatomy of an analog voice channel Frequency multiplexed voice signals Bandwidth of a voice channel

  34. Questions: Feel free to contact the creator of this material • Peter Brierley, Professor, Collin County Community College, brierley.peter@gmail.com This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0402356. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation

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