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Muscular System

Muscular System. The Power System. Functions. There are 650 muscles in the human body and they do the following: Responsible for all body movement Responsible for body form and shape (posture) Produce body heat and maintain body temperature

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System The Power System

  2. Functions • There are 650 muscles in the human body and they do the following: • Responsible for all body movement • Responsible for body form and shape (posture) • Produce body heat and maintain body temperature Did you know that nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue?

  3. Types of Muscles • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac

  4. Skeletal Muscle • Attached to bone • Striated (striped) appearance • VOLUNTARY (can move when you want to) • Multinucleated muscle cell bundles (muscle cells = muscle fibers) • SARCOLEMMA = cell membrane • Contract quickly, fatigue easily, can’t maintain contraction for long period of time

  5. Smooth muscle • Visceral (organ) muscle • Found in walls of digestive system, uterus and blood vessels • Cells small and spindle-shaped • INVOLUNTARY • Controlled by autonomic nervous system • Act slowly, do not tire easily, can remain contracted for long time

  6. Cardiac Muscle • Found only in the heart • Striated and branched • Involuntary • Cells are fused – when one contracts, they all contract • Involuntary

  7. Sphincter Muscles special circular muscles in openings of esophagus and stomach, and small intestine, anus, urethra and mouth.

  8. Characteristics of Muscles • CONTRACTIBILITY – the ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds. • EXCITEABILITY (IRRITABILITY) – the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses. • EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched. • ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing.

  9. Major Muscles of the Body • Sternocleidomastoid—side of neck—turns and flexes head • Trapezius—Upper back and neck—turns head and moves shoulder • Deltoid—shoulder—abducts arm at shoulder and injection site • Biceps brachii—upper arm—flexes lower arm • Triceps brachii—back of upper arm—extends lower arm

  10. More muscles • Pectoralis Major—upper chest—adducts upper arm • Intercostals—between ribs—moves ribs for breathing • Rectus abdominus– ribs to pelvis—compresses abdomen • Latissimusdorsi—lower back—extends and adducts upper arm

  11. More Muscles • Gluteus maximus—buttocks—extends thigh—injection site • Sartorius—front of thigh—abducts thigh, flexes leg • Quadriceps femoris—front of thigh—extends leg • Hamstrings—back of thigh • Gastrocnemius—calf muscle—flexes sole of foot

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