The Benefits of RNP-RNAV in Commercial Operations 4 th Steering Committee Meeting

1. The Benefits of RNP-RNAV in Commercial Operations 4th Steering Committee Meeting COSCAP-North Asia 2, 3 March 2005, Shanghai, PRC Captain Frank M. Hankinsfrank.m.hankins@boeing.com Paul D. Russell, Chief Engineer, Safetypaul.d.russell@boeing.com Boeing Commercial Airplanes

2. Overview • RNAV RNP Benefits • The Essentials of RNAV RNP—What is it? • Opportunity for Safety enhancement • Opportunity for Economic Savings • Introduction of the RNAV RNP Regulatory Standards • Introduction to Airplane RNAV RNP Capability • RNAV RNP Implementation Scope and Process • Examples of RNAV RNP Operations • Summary

3. RNAV RNP BENEFITS • Cost Effective • World-Wide Coverage • 24/7 Availability • Unaffected by Weather • Accuracy of Ground Tracks • No Ground-based Navaids Required • IFR Operations into VFR Airports • Reduced Obstacle Clearance Areas

4. The Essentials of RNAV RNP-What is it? • RNAV: • A method of operation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids, or within the limits of capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these.

5. The Essentials of RNAV RNP Concepts Actual Nav Perf (ANP) containment radius RNP and ANP are displayed on FMC CDU Containment Limit: 99.999% 95% ANP <= 1X RNP continued operation Lateral boundary = 2 x RNP (airspace and obstacle clearance) • RNP (Required Navigation Performance): • RNAV operations with navigation containment and alerting

6. RNAV RNP–A Tool to Improve Safety, Efficiency & Capacity Multiple Departure Gates Procedure Separation Multiple Arrival Posts Closer Arrival & Departure • Ground navaid based routes • Route design flexibility from Latitude/Longitude based fixes • Traffic congestion • Routing design improvements • to aid traffic flow

7. RNAV RNP Improves Safety for Approaches, Missed Approaches, and Departures Foundation for Performance-Based Airspace Operations Constant Descent Approaches Low RNP RNAV Missed Approach Paths Low RNP RNAV Departure Paths Low RNP RNAV Provides Full Path Definition

8. RNAV RNP Enhances Safety by Providing Stabilized Approaches PAI-Precision like approach implementation

9. Operations to lower minimums and lower visibility adds value to aircraft Flaps 30/40 Landing checklist complete Flight guidance to runway Autopilot to 50 ft Conventional Non-precision approach path DA(H) As low as 250 ft above airport Note: Cat 1 ILS DA(H) is 200 ft above airport RNP Benefits – Safety Enhancement Stabilized approach path enhances operational safety Flight director guidance and autopilot reduce FTE and enhances safety Gear down, Flaps 15 FAF (5 to 7 miles from runway) Missed approach Gear down, Flaps 15 M MDA Typically 400-2000 ft above airport • No flight guidance • Reconfigure to landing flaps • Slow to final approach speed • Maneuver to line up and • establish descent rate 0 - 3 miles

10. RNAV RNP Provides a Tool to Improve Airspace Capacity and Reduce Separation PLMN PWVG POPP RNAV RNP Provides an Opportunity to Reduce Separation

11. RNP-RNAV REDUCES OPERATING COSTS • New technology improves navigation containment • More efficient routing • Lower trip fuel • Reduced path length • Reduced fuel burn • Lower Minima • Less diversions • Lower alternate fuel loads • Stabilized Approaches • Less fuel burn on approach

12. COST SAVINGS How Much Is a 1% Reduction In Fuel Burn Worth? Airplane Fuel savings Fuel savings* type gal/year/airplane $/year/airplane 777 70,000  90,000 $70,000 90,000 767 30,000  40,000 $30,000 40,000 757 25,000  35,000 $25,000 35,000 747 100,000  135,000 $100,000 135,000 737 15,000  25,000 $15,000 25,000 *Assumes $1.00/gallon

13. RNP operations Regulation Element Airspace Element Airplane Element Airline Element RNAV RNP Implementation Scope • Flight procedure • Airport data • GPS availability Airspace Infrastructure Airline Flight Operation • Crew ops procedure • Initial pilot training • Application package • Procedure criteria • Operation requirement • Approval handbook Regulatory Framework Airplane Capability • Certified min RNP • System integrity/alert • Operation continuity

14. Operational Implementation Process • Project Planning • Define objectives & requirement • Determine applicable regulations • Collect airport geo data • Procedure Design & Assessment • Design RNP procedures • Conduct simulator flight assessment • On-site evaluation flight if required • Operation Application Package • Update Operations Specifications • Revise manual/ checklist and training plan • Review with the regulatory authority • Operation Implementation & Validation • Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatching/operation training • Perform operation validation flight • Operational Approval • Review & approve operation under VFR • Oversight operation standardization • Approve operation under IFR

15. Introduction to RNAV RNP--Regulatory Standards USA RNP 10: N8400.12A BRNAV: AC90-96A RNP 4: N8400.XX RNP 2: AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP 1: AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP 2: AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP 1: AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP< 0.3: N8000.287 AC20-DB RNP 2: AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP 1: AC90-USRNAV N8400.71 RNP< 0.3: N8000.287 AC20-DB Europe PRNAV: TGL 10 RNAV: TGL XX RNP≤ 0.3: TGL XZ PRNAV: TGL 10 RNAV: TGL XX RNP< 0.3: TGL XZ Cat II/III: CS-AWO JAR-Ops1 RNP 10: NPA 20-8 BRNAV: AMC 20-4 RNP4-12... RNP2 RNP2 RNP1 FAF RNP.3 RNP1 RNP.5 RNP.5 RNP.3 Cat II 100’ RNP.1 Low Visibility Takeoff Landing Cat III Cat I 200’

16. Introduction to Airplane Systems – Multi-sensors FMS FMS

17. Summary of Benefits Nov. 2002~March, 2003 • Prevented Cancellation of Flights • Departure 42 • Arrival 152 • Total 192 • Approximately $1 Million savings Successful Story from Alaska Airlines • • Safety Enhancement • Efficiency/Capacity Improvements • – Schedule Integrity • – Delay Reduction • Noise Friendly Flight Paths

18. The 1st RNAV RNP Operation-- Juneau, Alaska Runway 8 IFR arrival: 1000+ feet and 2+ miles Runway 26 IFR arrival: none

19. RNP RW 8 Offset LDA Approach

20. RNP RW 8 RNP Approach

21. RNP RW 26 RNP Approach

22. RNP RW 26 RNP Approach

23. RNP Juneau, RW 26 RNP ApproachFirst Evaluation Test Flight

24. CAAC RNAV RNP Lhasa Project • Demonstrate RNAV RNP operation and the benefits on safety, airport accessibility and operational efficiency • Establish CAAC RNAV RNP regulatory framework, operational approval process and inspectors capability • Approve a Chinese airline operation at Lhasa airport with authorized aircraft and authorized flight crews • Elevation: 11,700 ft • High terrain • No radar vector • Unstable Nav signal • Mechanical turbulence • Lower cloud • Blowing dust in autumn and winter • High temperature : ISA+33

25. Proposed RW 9 Approach

26. Cost Benefits-Summary RNP / RNAV • New technology to Improve navigation containment and alerting • More efficient routing • Lower trip fuel • Reduced path length • Reduced fuel burn • Lower Minima • Less diversions • Lower alternate fuel loads • Stabilized Approaches • Less fuel burn on approach • Less risk of CFIT

27. Safety Benefits-Summary • RNAV RNP enhances safety by providing stabilized approaches • Regulations, airplane equipage, infrastructure & procedures must all be in place to achieve the full safety & efficiency opportunities afforded by RNAV RNP • The fleet is at different levels of RNAV RNP capability and operational mitigations may be required • Boeing is committed to supporting the development of a global regulatory framework for RNAV RNP • Boeing RNAV RNP Services offers tailored solutions to support airline operators and/or air traffic service providers

28. Procedures Airplane Equipage Infrastructure Regulations All of the Pieces Must be in Place to Achieve the Full Potential of the RNAV RNP x x x Safe & Efficient Operations =

29. Thank You !!