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GERMANY

GERMANY. 1918-1919: Imperial Government to Republic 1933: Third Reich. By: Haley Fica and Sarah Dotson. Causes of Change: Imperial Government to Republic.

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GERMANY

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  1. GERMANY 1918-1919: Imperial Government to Republic 1933: Third Reich By: Haley Fica and Sarah Dotson

  2. Causes of Change: Imperial Government to Republic -Germany entered WWI in 1914.-The Central Powers (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria) thought they had more man power than the Allies did; however, the United States joined the Allies in April 1917 and returned the power to the Allies. -As the Central Powers, began to lose World War I, many Germans began demanding an end to the war. -Many more Germans also began to associate themselves with the political left, or the Social Democratic Party, who also opposed the war.

  3. Imperial Government to Republic • -In October 1918, North Germany began to see the beginning of the revolution. Germany Navy ships refused to sail which began the uprisings against the imperial government. The German Revolution begins. • -The uprisings began to spread throughout Germany on November 3. Also, military rulers began to lose faith with Kaiser and his government.

  4. Imperial Government to Republic -With an internal revolution, Austria-Hungary began to break apart from racial tensions, and pressure from the German high command, the German ruling princes relinquished their power. -On November 9, Phillip Scheidemann named a Republic to take the imperial government’s place. This new government was governed by the German Social Democrats. -On November 11, the armistice was signed between the Allies and Germany to stop fighting in the Western front (Luxembourg and Belgium) and the war was over.

  5. Final Change to Republic -In 1919, a national assembly meet in Weimar and created a new constitution, which would begin August 11.

  6. Chronology of Events: Imperial Government to Weimar Republic -August 1, 1914: World war I begins-1917: The Unites States enters the Allied Forces. -October 7- November 3 1918: The German navy refuses to be sent out to fight. -November 4, 1918: General strikes occur by sailors and work councils. -November 7, 1918: Workers march upon the House of Wittelsbach. -November 8, 1918: The German Princes, grand dukes, and ruling dukes are deposed. -November 9, 1918: Phillip Scheidemann creates the republic. -November 11, 1918: End of World War I. -1919: New Constitution formed. -August 11, 1919: The constitution is put in place and Phillip Scheidemann announced as chancellor.

  7. Leader Phillip Scheidamann: He announced the beginning of the republic.

  8. Government Structure President: over 35 years old, this person represented Germany as a whole, had a term of 7 years, commander of the armed forces Chancellor and ministers were appointed by the president. Cabinet formed decisions by majority vote. Reichstag: The Parliament

  9. Causes of Change: Weimar Republic to Third Reich -The Weimar Republic was troubled before it even started. They had massive debts to pay due to the war, and they had large amounts of orphans and disabled soldiers. -Weak currency lead to bad economy and a poor country. Hyperinflation occurred. -High unemployment rates. -High taxes

  10. Weimar Republic to Third Reich -Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor in January 1933 during the economic, social, and political decline of the republic. -He establishes the third Reich through the Enabling Act of 1933. This was signed by president Paul von Hindenburg. Through this act, Hitler legally established his plenary powers and his dictatorship. It allowed the Nazis to have complete power and the cabinet did not have to have a majority support of the Reichstag, or the Parliament established by the Weimar Republic.

  11. Chronology of Events: Republic to Third Reich -January 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler is appointed as Chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg.-February 27, 1933: Reichstag building is set on fire, and the communist Marinus van derLubbe is charged with arson. The Nazis begin to exploit the Reichstag Fire Decree by taking civil liberties to suppress their opponents

  12. Chronology of Events .-March 1933: The Enabling Act amended the constitution and allowed the cabinet to pass laws without the Reichstag. -1934: The regime began to ban the communists, the social Democrats, the Nationalists, the People’s Party, the German state Party, and the Catholic centre Party. These disbanded people could either join the Nazis or not participate in politics at all.

  13. Leader Adolf Hitler

  14. Propaganda Joseph Goebbel’s propaganda machine which showed the government as a dedicated, dutiful, and efficient outfit. He was editor of the Berlin Nazi Newspaper. Was Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. He attacked German Jews which eventually lead to the holocaust. He had totalitarian control over the media. He used his propaganda to prepare the Germans for aggressive war and killing of civilian peoples.

  15. Government Structure The Fuhrer, or leader, Adolf Hitler. Each law was approved or disapproved by him. Cabinet Reich ministries (Reich of foreign Ministry, Ministry of Justice, Economic Ministry) Reich offices (Reich Treasury office, Reich Youth Office)

  16. PIRATES: Weimar Republic

  17. PIRATES: Third Reich

  18. Comparison

  19. Everyone’s Jobs • Haley: Assignment 1, Assignment 3, Overall PowerPoint Presentation • Sarah: Assignment 2, Assignment 4, Overall PowerPoint Presentation

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