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The Roman Republic

The Roman Republic. Geography & Environment. The Italian Peninsula. Italy is a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea POSITIVES: Rich soil & mild climate Attracted colonists. The Italian Peninsula. NEGATIVES:

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The Roman Republic

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  1. The Roman Republic

  2. Geography & Environment

  3. The Italian Peninsula • Italy is a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea • POSITIVES: • Rich soil & mild climate • Attracted colonists

  4. The Italian Peninsula • NEGATIVES: • Mosquito infested swamps resulted in epidemics of malaria & other diseases

  5. The Italian Peninsula • The Alps contributed to geographic isolation • Rocky & marshy coastline lacked good harbors

  6. The Early People of Italy

  7. Early Peoples • The Etruscans: • Ruled in northern Italy from 900 BC to 500 BC • Heavily influenced those that followed them, especially the ancient Romans

  8. Early Peoples • Influences: • The usage of brick • Construction of city streets • Creation of the FORUM • Religious beliefs

  9. Early Peoples • Latins: • First settlers of Rome (1000 BC) • Greeks: • Settled in southern Italy on the island of Sicily

  10. The Republic

  11. Social Structure

  12. Social Groups • PATRICIANS: • Wealthy, aristocratic citizens of Rome • Declared Rome a republic when the Etruscans were driven from power

  13. Social Groups • PLEBIANS: • Nonaristocratic townspeople; landowners, merchants & laborers • Majority of Roman population

  14. Social Groups • BOTH Patricians & Plebeians could: • Be citizens • Vote • Pay taxes • Join the army

  15. Social Groups • PRIMARY DIFFERENCE: • Patricians COULD hold public office • Plebeians COULD NOT hold public office

  16. Political Structure

  17. The Roman Republic • Republic: • A form of government in which power rests with the citizens • Citizens have the right to select their leaders

  18. The Roman Republic • Who was allowed to vote? • FREE-BORN MALE CITIZENS

  19. The Roman Republic • STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC: • Senate • Consuls • Dictator

  20. The Roman Republic • Senate: • The “Legislative” Branch • Group of officials who created laws

  21. The Roman Republic • Consuls: • The “Executive” Branch • Two senators elected to rule the government for one year at a time

  22. The Roman Republic • Dictator: • In the event of a war, the Roman people chose a dictator who ruled for 6 months at a time • Possessed complete control

  23. Conflict

  24. Plebeians vs. Patricians • 499 BC • Plebeians refused to fight in the Roman army unless they were given more POLITICAL POWER • Patricians agreed to grant more power to the Plebeian class by establishing the TRIBUNE

  25. Plebeians vs. Patricians • Tribunes: • Chosen representatives of the plebeian class • Could veto government decisions • Plebeians could now hold public office

  26. Plebeians vs. Patricians • 12 Tables: • Written law codes • Important victory for the Plebians • Carved on 12 tablets, hung in Forum • Established the idea that all free citizens had a right to protection of the law

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