The Roman Republic

1. The Roman Republic Chapter 6 Section 1

2. Key Terms • Republic • Patrician • Plebian • Tribune • Consul • Senate • Dictator • legion • Hannibal

3. Roman Civilization Develops • All roads lead to Rome • Rome was not built in a day • When in Rome do as the Romans do • How did a tiny city grow into a major power?

4. Italy’s Geography • Large boot shaped • Sticks out into Mediterranean • Midway between eastern and western Mediterranean • North protected by high mountains • Sea provides protection

5. The Etruscans • Ruled by Latin kings • Etruscans ruled northern Italy • Metalworkers and jewelers • Influenced by the Greeks

6. The Founding of Rome • Middle of peninsula • Romulus and Remus • Latins arrived around 1000 BC • Location of Tiber River • Easy access to trade route • Easy access to the sea

7. Etruscans • Built first walls and sewers • Arch, building techniques • Alphabet and number system • System of government • Gladiator games • Sculpture and painting

8. Rome Becomes a Republic • Republic-elected officials governed ruled • Patricians –heads of aristocratic families • Controlled every aspect of society • Maintained power through a patronage system

9. Rome Becomes a Republic • Plebeians- common people • Plebeians refuse to fight in 494 BC • Patricians gave them rights • Plebian Council • Elect officials like the Tribune

10. Rome Becomes a Republic • Tribunes job to protect plebeians • Veto- to stop or ban • Forum- where Roman laws were displayed • 12 Tables was a victory for plebeians • Judges were forced to obey

11. Republican Government • Constitution- a political structure • Senate – a body of 300 members • Various assemblies- where all citizens could vote • Magistrates took care of laws

12. Republican Government • Consuls-chief executive • Elected for 1 year • Head of army and navy • Censors next in line of power • Recorded city’s population • How much property people had • Filled Senate vacancies

13. Republican Government • Praetors-or judges • Act as Consuls when they were away at war • Had system of checks and balances • Each part of government could constrain the other

14. Life in the Republic • Thriving and vibrant • Forum- the public square • Rich lived at Palatine • Popular place for shopping and gossip • Farming and land ownership noblest way to make money

15. Life in the Republic • Senators banned from any other career than with land • Dictator-office with unlimited power • Cincinnatus gave up power to return to farming

16. The Republic Expands • Military might • All men 17 to 46 required to serve in time of war • Organized into legions • Centurions-commissioned officers • Command 100 men • Well trained highly disciplined

17. The Conquest of Italy • 265 BC controlled all of Italy • Few conditions on subjected people • Had to provide troops to Rome • Next was Sicily • Came into conflict with Carthage

18. The Punic Wars • 264 BC war between Rome and Carthage • Hannibal led elephants across alps to invade Italy • Hannibal dominated the Italian countryside • Single battle kills or injures 50,000 Romans

19. The Punic Wars • Hannibal- ravaged Italy and defeated every army • Rome placed a siege on Carthage • Hannibal withdrew • 3rd time Rome won • Destroyed Carthage • Enslaved population

20. Conquest of Greece • Greeks sought alliance with Rome • Macedonia, Persia, Egypt fought each other • Greeks and Romans defeated them • Romans later annexed Greece

21. The Conquest of Greece • Romans adopted a lot of Greek culture • Roman art and architecture • Famous works of Romans are copies of Greek pieces • Borrowed religion • Zeus became Jupiter

22. The Conquest of Greece • Romans thought Rome should be pure • Dislike Greek influence • Tried to keep Greek styles out of Roman buildings