Rocks, Minerals and The Rock Cycle

1. TEST THE FOURTH Rocks, Minerals and The Rock Cycle “The test is to recognize the mistake, admit it and correct it. To have tried to do something and failed is vastly better than to have tried to do nothing and succeeded.” Dale E. Turner "Experience is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the lesson afterward." Vernon Law "A liberally educated person meets new ideas with curiosity and fascination. An illiberally educated person meets new ideas with fear.“ James B. Stockdale Tuesday, February 24th, 2009

2. Name ________________________________________________ Date ______________ Period _______ TEST THE FOURTH: ROCKS, MINERALSAND THE ROCK CYCLE Directions: This test is designed to let your teacher know how much information you have learned over the past few weeks, and to allow you to gauge this as well. Remember to think about your notes, and all the examples and demonstrations that we’ve done in class. Read each question carefully and completely before making your response, and make sure that whatever you write answers every part of the question. Do not leave any blank questions or naked numbers. Blank questions will be marked off at twice the rate of a wrong answer. Relax, good luck, and enjoy! 0. What happens when an unstoppable force meets an immovable object? 1. What are rocks made out of? A. Cheese B. Other, smaller rocks C. Minerals D. More cheese _________ 2. What is one way that igneous rocks can be classified? A. Temperature B. Iron or Aluminum content C. Acidity D. Reactivity _________ 3. An igneous rock contains very coarse crystals, and is made mostly of quarts and potassium feldspar. What is the identity of the rock? 4. Could fluorite scratch talc? EXPLAIN your answer for full credit. 5. Which sedimentary rock is formed from the smallest sediments? A. Shale B. Sandstone C. Conglomerate D. Gneiss _________ 6. Given the hardness chart to starboard and what you know about minerals, which of the following statements is true? A. A fingernail will scratch calcite but not gypsum. B. Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny. C. The mineral apatite will scratch topaz. D. A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5. _________

3. 7. Which type of rock was chemically weathered by acidic groundwater to produce the cave and its features? 8. According to the ESRT, if a metamorphic rock is melted, what does it turn into? 9. According to the ESRT, name at least two processes that can result in the formation of sedimentary rocks. 10. The rock marble most likely started out as which type of rock? A. Limestone B. Shale C. Schist D. Pegmatite _________ 11. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, and is an ore of iron? A. Galena B. Pyroxene C. Magnetite D. Graphite _________ 12. In which set of pictures are the rocks correctly labeled? 13. A student used a single characteristic to classify six minerals into two groups, A and B. Which characteristic was used to group them? A. siltstone B. quartzite C. basalt D. Limestone _________ A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 _________ A. Color B. Luster C. Chemical composition D. Hardness _________

4. 14. Dolostone is classified as which type of rock? A. Land-derived sedimentary rock B. Chemically formed sedimentary rock C. Foliated metamorphic rock D. Nonfoliated metamorphic rock _________ 15. Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because A. Light reflects from crystal surface B. Energy is released during crystallization C. Of impurities that produce surface variations D. Of the internal arrangement of the atoms _________ 16. Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks. You may write, draw or both. 17. How can a sedimentary rock be turned into a metamorphic rock? 18. Stuart charted the crystal size of some igneous rocks as compared to their cooling time. Create a graph of his findings on the grid below. BE SURE to include all the necessary parts of your graph! Crystal Size 1 mm 3 mm 6 mm 10 mm 14 mm Cooling Time 5 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes 100 minutes Cooling Time (min)

5. 19. Based on the results of your graph, what happens to crystal size as cooling time gets BIGGER? 20. What kind of relationship is demonstrated in your graph? 21. What happens to the density of a rock as it is metamorphosed? 23. Which diagram represents a landscape where fine-grained igneous bedrock is most likely to be found? 24. A student obtains a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is poured into the sand and allowed to evaporate. The mineral residue from the saltwater solution cements the sand grains together, forming a material that is most similar in origin to A. An extrusive igneous rock B. An intrusive igneous rock C. A clastic sedimentary rock D. A foliated metamorphic rock _________ 25-27. Thee chart to starboard shows the conditions in the Earth’s crust under which three minerals, all with the same chemical composition, will form. 25. Under which crustal temperature and pressure conditions will andalusite form? A. 300°C and 6000 atmospheres B. 600°C and 4000 atmospheres C. 500°C and 2000 atmospheres D. 700°C and 8000 atmospheres A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 _________ _________

6. 26. Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite? A. Pyrite B. Dolomite C. Gypsum D. Potassium feldspar _________ 27. If bedrock at a collisional plate boundary contains andalusite crystals, these crystals are changed into sillimanite and/or kyanite as temperature and pressure conditions increase. What is this process called? A. Weathering B. Metamorphism C. Solidification D. Cementation _________ 28. Why is the landscape in some areas of New York different from the landscape in other areas? 29. In the space below, indicate at least three things that could happen to a sedimentary rock to change it. You may write, draw, or both.