The Rock Cycle: From Formation to Transformation

1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. Rock Cycle Song

3. The Life of a Rock Layers of sediment join together. Changes are made from pressure and heat. Melted rock cools and hardens

4. Rocks become smaller, and smaller, and smaller, and smaller. . . • By erosion • By wind • By earthquake • By floods • By rain • By slides • By man

5. Terms to Know • Weathering: the breaking up of rocks and soil • Erosion: the moving of weathered rock and soil. Weathering allows erosion to take place.

6. Products of Weathering • Clay • Sand • Rock Fragments (pebbles and stones)

7. Rocks change………….. • By earthquakes • By volcanoes • By heat and pressure

8. How does rock change? • Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids marble

9. Three Types of Rocks • Rocks are classified by how they form • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic • Rocks can change from one type to another over time Schist

10. Rock Classification • Rocks are classified by: • How they form • Texture • Grain size • Mineral composition Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

11. Sedimentary Rock is . . . • Rock formed when layers of small particles of shell, rock, and sand join together.

12. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments • This process is called lithification • Sediments are: • Rock pieces • Mineral grains • Shell fragments Limestone

13. How do sediments form? weathering • Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface erosion

14. Sedimentary Rock con’t…. • Sedimentary rock can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water • When water evaporates, minerals are left behind and form rock gypsum

15. Sedimentary RocksHow They are Made • Wind and water break down the earth • Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers • Layers are formed and build up • Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

16. Sedimentary Rocks Limestone Shale Sandstone Granite

17. Sandstone Limestone Gypsum Conglomerate Shale Types of Sedimentary Rocks

18. Fossils • Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock and are the remains or imprints of plants and animals that died long ago.

19. Fossils-Life From the Past • Fossils provide information about life and conditions of the past. • Scientific evidence shows that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old

20. Metamorphic Rock is . . . • Rock that is formed when pressure and heat create changes to sedimentary or igneous rock.

21. Metamorphic Rock • Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock • Changes due to great heat and/or pressure Gneiss

22. How does rock change? • Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids marble

23. Metamorphic RocksWhat are They? • Rocks that have changed • They were once igneous or sedimentary • Pressure and heat changed the rocks

24. Schist Gneiss Types of Metamorphic Rocks

25. Igneous Rock is . . . • Rock that is formed when melted rock cools and hardens.

26. Igneous RocksWhat are They? • Fire Rocks • Formed underground by trapped, cooled magma • Formed above ground when volcanoes erupt and magma cools

27. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rock: forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens • Classified by: • Where they form • Crystal (grain) size Basalt

28. Intrusive Igneous Rock • Intrusive igneous: cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface granite

29. Extrusive Igneous Rock • Extrusive igneous: cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface Pumice

30. Igneous rock

31. Scoria Granite Pumice Obsidian Types of Igneous Rocks

32. The Rock Cycle

33. The Earth Recycles Rock • The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface • Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another • Any type of rock can change into another type

34. How does this relate to plate tectonics? • Plate movement drives the rock cycle • Subduction (1 plate pushed under another plate) • Re-melts rock into magma • Mountain building • Folding, faulting, uplift • Exposes rock at the surface to be weathered and eroded

38. Cementation and compaction (lithification) • Heat and pressure • Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition • Cooling and solidification • Melting

39. Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable • Your foldable should include the following: • Name of each rock type • How each rock type formed • A brief description of rock type • At least 2 examples of each rock type • Illustrate 1 example for each rock type

40. Copy Me

41. Review of the Rock Cycle • How are sedimentary rocks formed? • What is a fossil? • How are metamorphic rocks formed? • How are igneous rocks formed? • Give an example of each type of rock. • What is weathering? • Explain what erosion is.