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Urinary System

Urinary System . Chapter 26. Urinary System. Essential Homeostatic system Maintains & Regulates body’s internal environment Coordinates activities of digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary systems Blood volume Blood composition Mechanism for homeostasis Blood filtration.

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System Chapter 26

  2. Urinary System • Essential Homeostatic system • Maintains & Regulates body’s internal environment • Coordinates activities of digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary systems • Blood volume • Blood composition • Mechanism for homeostasis • Blood filtration

  3. Urinary System

  4. Urinary System • Regulates concentrations of blood electrolytes • Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, K+ • Regulates blood volume & pressure • Regulates blood pH • Eliminates organic waste • Urea, uric acids, toxins • Re absorbs nutrients • Secretes hormones • Erythropoietin • Calcitrol • Assists liver in processing toxins • Produces blood filtrate • Urine • Excess water • Excess electrolytes • Excess organic waste & nutrients

  5. Urinary System Structure • Ureter • Muscular tube • Transports urine from kidney to bladder • Bladder • Muscular chamber • Temporary storage of urine • Urethra • Muscular tube • Conducts urine out of body • Kidney • Filters blood & produces urine • Functional excretory organ

  6. Kidney Location • Situated on dorsal abdominal wall • Lateral to vertebral column • Retroperitoneal • “outside” the body cavity • Behind the peritoneum • Located between muscle & parietal peritoneum

  7. Retroperitoneal

  8. KidneySupportive structures • Renal capsule • Fibrous capsule • Fibrous connective tissue covering • Maintains shape & protects • Adipose capsule • Perirenal fat • Thick surrounding adipose tissue • Supportive & protective (cushion) • Renal fascia • Outer connective tissue layer • Anchors kidney to surrounding structures • Parietal peritoneum

  9. Renal Capsule

  10. Adipose Capsule

  11. Adipose Capsule

  12. Renal Fascia

  13. Renal Fascia

  14. Kidney Superficial Anatomy • Kidney bean shaped • Convex laterally • Concave medially • Renal hilus • Renal hilus • Entrance/ exit • Renal blood vessels • Ureter

  15. KidneySectional Anatomy • 3 primary regions • Renal cortex • Renal medulla • Renal sinus

  16. Renal Cortex • Outer superficial region • Granular in appearance • Site of blood filtering • Renal Corpscle

  17. Renal Cortex Histology

  18. Renal Medulla • Region deep to cortex • Contains: • Renal pyramids • 6-18 distinct • Cone shaped • Renal papillae • Tip opposite of cortex • Aggregations of microscopic blood filtering tubules • 1.25 million tubules • Site of urine production • Renal columns • Cortical tissue • CT between renal pyramids • Conduct blood vessels to cortex

  19. Renal Medulla

  20. Renal Medulla Histology

  21. Renal Papilla

  22. Renal Sinus • Space within kidney • Major/ minor Calyces • Urine collecting structures • Minor calyx • Collects urine from each renal pyramid • Papillae projects into calyx • Major Calyx • Collects urine from 4-5 minor calyx • Renal pelvis • Large collect funnel • Collects urine from ALL Major Calyxes • Drains into ureter • Fills most of sinus

  23. Major & Minor Calyx

  24. Renal Blood Supply • High perfusion rate • 20-25% cardiac output • ~1200 ml blood/min • Renal Artery • Supplies blood to be filtered • Artery enters at renal hilus • Branches within kidney into smaller vessels • Smallest vessels branch into cortex • Blood will supply adjacent pyramid • Renal veins • Collect processed blood • Drain kidney back to heart

  25. Renal Blood Supply

  26. Ureter • ~1 ft long • Retroperitoneal • Outside of peritoneal cavity • Transports Urine to bladder • Muscular tube extending from renal pelvis • Extension of renal pelvis • Drains into bladder through the ureteral openings • Slit-like prevents back flow • Transitional epithelium • Smooth muscle

  27. Ureter

  28. Transitional Epithelium

  29. Slit Like Openings

  30. Sad Happy

  31. Urinary Bladder • Hollow muscular chamber • Distensible • Collection site for urine storage • Sits in pelvic cavity • Temporary storage • Ave 400cc – 1 L

  32. Urinary Bladder

  33. Bladder Structure • Rugae • Macroscopic folds in mucosa • Allow for distention & stretch • Transitional epithelium • Trigone • Smooth triangular region at bladder exit (urethra) • No rugae • Bounded by 2 ureteral openings & urethra (triangular region) • Funnels urine to urethra • Musculature…

  34. Rugae

  35. Trigone

  36. Trigone

  37. Bladder Musculature • Bladder wall • 3 layers of smooth muscle • Inner & outer longitudinal muscles • Middle circular layer • Collectively- Detruser muscles • Contraction results in compression & elevation of bladder • Inner urethral sphincter • Located at entrance into urethra • Relaxation initiated by stretch receptors in bladder • Involunary

  38. Stretch Receptors

  39. I gotta go”

  40. Urethra • Muscular tube exiting the body • Female • Transports urine • Extends from bladder to exterior • shorter • Male • Transports urine & semen • Extends from bladder • Past reproductive glands • Through penis to body exterior • External urethra sphincter • Skeletal muscle- delays urination (micturition) • Female- located at exit of urethra • Male- located at entrance into penis

  41. Female

  42. Male

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