Chapter 14, Section 2

1. Chapter 14, Section 2 Compromises Fail

2. Missouri Compromise • Proposed by Henry Clay • Missouri would be admitted as a slave state • Maine would be admitted as a free state • The Louisiana Territory north of the southern border of Missouri would be free of slavery. • Southern slave owners had the right to pursue fugitives into northern…..

3. Goals/Results • Balanced the interests of the North and South. • Southerners were not happy because Congress gave itself the power to make laws regarding slavery. • Northerners were not happy because Congress had allowed slavery to expand into another state

4. Compromise of 1850 • Proposed by Henry Clay • Terms: • California admitted as a free state • Slave trade banned in Washington DC • Popular Sovereignty would decide slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession. • Southerners got a tough new fugitive slave law

5. Goal of Compromise • To end slavery crisis by giving supporters and opponents of slavery some of what they wanted.

6. Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 • Terms: • Government officials may arrest any person accused of being a runaway slave by any white person. • Suspects had no right to a trial. • Northerners were required to help authorities capture accused runaway slaves if asked.

7. Results: • Most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 • Thousands of northern African Americans fled to Canada.

8. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 • Proposed byStephen Douglas • Terms: • Slavery in the new Kansas-Nebraska territories was to be decided by popular sovereignty

9. Results • Results: • Undid the Missouri Compromise • Reopened the issue of slavery in territories • Northerners outraged.

10. Kansas Election of 1855 Events: • Both proslavery and antislavery settlers flooded Kansas and wanted to hold the majority in the territory. • Thousands of Missourians entered Kansas illegally to select a territorial legislature . • Antislavery settlers held a second election

11. Results: • Kansas now had two governments • Violence broke out and earned Kansas the name • “Bleeding Kansas”

12. Chap. 14, Section 3 Dred Scott

13. Dred Scott was an enslaved person who sued for his freedom. • Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that Scott had no right to sue in federal court • because African Americans were not citizens. • Slaves were property, and the property rights of their owners were protected in all states. • This meant Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory, and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. • Supporters of slavery rejoiced at this ruling, but northerners were shocked.

14. Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas Debates • Occurred during Illinois Senate race in the year 1858. • Lincoln’s opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act led him to run as a Republican against Senator Stephen Douglas the author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. • The goal of the new Republican Party was to stop the spread of slavery into the western territories.

16. John Brown’s RaidWho was John Brown? • New England abolitionist driven out of Kansas for killing proslavery men there

17. His plan in 1859: • Seize guns at Harper’s Ferry, give them to the slaves who joined him, lead them in a revolt that would eventually free all slaves

18. Southerners were worried because: • Brown had support of northern abolitionists, many in the North saw him as a hero.

19. Chapter 14, Sec. 4 Chain of Events Leading to Civil War

20. The Election of 1860 • There were four candidates in the election because: • Proslavery and antislavery factions of the Democratic Party chose different candidates and some southerners joined the Constitutional Union

21. Candidates • Northern Democratic candidate: Stephen Douglas • Southern Democratic candidate:John Breckinridge • Constitutional Union candidate:John Bell • Republican candidate:Abraham Lincoln

22. The Winner • * Although he did not receive a majority of the popular vote, Lincoln received enough electoral votes to win the election. • The election showed how divided the nation was.

23. Secession • After South Carolina learned that Lincoln had won the election it responded by seceding from the Union. • Southern leaders who opposed secession: • 1. Tennessee senator Andrew Johnson • 2. Texas Governor Sam Houston • First state to secede from the Union:South Carolina • Name of the new southern nation: • Confederate States of America • President of the southern nation:Jefferson Davis

24. Lincoln’s message to seceding states: • 1. he assured the seceded states that he meant them no harm and that 2. he would not interfere with slavery where it existed. • Response of seceding states to Lincoln’s message: • Rejected • They seized federal property in their borders

25. Fort Sumter • Lincoln’s plan to deal with the siege of Fort Sumter: • send a supply ship with no guns so southerners wouldn’t think he was attacking them • South Carolina’s response to Lincoln’s plan: • They fired on the fort, capturing it and starting the Civil War on April 12, 1861.