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Investigation into the TEXTILE applications OF FIBRES EXTRACTED FROM Pandanus Utilis

Investigation into the TEXTILE applications OF FIBRES EXTRACTED FROM Pandanus Utilis. Mrs. A. Vaidya Soocheta a.soocheta@uom.ac.mu Textile Technology Department University of Mauritius Assoc. Prof. Dr. S. Rosunee ( UoM ) Prof. Dr. M. D. Teli (UICT, Mumbai).

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Investigation into the TEXTILE applications OF FIBRES EXTRACTED FROM Pandanus Utilis

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  1. Investigation into the TEXTILE applications OF FIBRES EXTRACTED FROM PandanusUtilis Mrs. A. Vaidya Soocheta a.soocheta@uom.ac.mu Textile Technology Department University of Mauritius Assoc. Prof. Dr. S. Rosunee (UoM) Prof. Dr. M. D. Teli (UICT, Mumbai)

  2. The‘Pandanusutilis’plant,commonly known as ‘Vacoas’ in Mauritius, demonstrates a potential as a tangible textile fibre The fibre presents endless possibilities for textile applications, all of which are just waiting to be harnessed

  3. The common screwpine (Pandanusutilis) is, despite its name, a tropical tree and not a pine (Common screwpine)

  4. Binomial name: Pandanusutilis • Scientific Classification • Kingdom: Plantae • Division: Magnoliophyta • Class: Liliopsida • Order: Pandanales • Family: Pandanaceae • Genus: Pandanus • Species: P. utilis • Common name: Pandano, Vacoas • Place of origin: Madagascar, Mauritius

  5. FLOWERS DRY LEAVES VACOAS

  6. The leaves are linear and spiny, with a spiral arrangement on the tree. Care must be taken when handling the leaves because of their sharp spines • Sun Exposure: Full sun • Growth Habits: Branched evergreen shrub to 20 feet tall (6 m) • Watering Needs: Regular to abundant water • Propagation: Seeds

  7. AIM Characterise and evaluate the textile potential of Pandanus utilis as a new source for textile fibres

  8. Currently the leaves of this plant find limited application for making baskets, wall hanging and other decorative items

  9. LEAVES SLICED DRIED IN SUN

  10. BUNDLE OF DRIED LEAVES

  11. METHODOLOGY Retting De-gumming of Decorticated Fibre Bundles Scouring Bleaching Dissolution in Sulphuric Acid

  12. Retting Mechanical, chemical and enzymatic retting treatments were carried out to optimise the extraction process of the fibres

  13. Retting- Extract fibres Retting process optimised to separate and remove non-cellulosic material like lignin, pectin • Water retting • Chemical treatment: Sodium hydroxide and Sodium carbonate Hydrogen peroxide and Sodium silicate • Effect of Sodium Hydroxide • Treatment with NaOH and Na2CO3 • Treatment with Oxalic Acid • Treatment with Alkaline Pectinase • Treatment with Acidic Pectinase

  14. De-gumming of Decorticated Fibre Bundles • NaOH and Na2CO3 • Oxalic Acid • Alkaline Pectinase • Acidic Pectinase • Enzyme Mixture – Xylanase and Cellulase

  15. Scouring • Degummed decorticated fibres led to pronounced loss of strength without much separation of fibres • Untreated decorticated fibres were used for further scouring with varying concentrations of NaOH and non ionic detergent

  16. Bleaching • Sodium Hypochlorite Bleaching • Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching

  17. RESULTS The leaves of young un-branched trees are long and supple, whereas the leaves of older, branched trees are rigid Leaves are made of fibre bundles in the form of phloem tissue bundle

  18. Scanning Electron Microscope longitudinal and cross-section observations of their ‘composite’ structure Cross-section (10X) Cross-section (5X)

  19. Retting • Water retting: wet strength greater than the dry strength. As the duration of water retting increases, the strength of the strength of fibre is reduced

  20. Chemical treatment: NaOH treatment offer cleaner fibre bundles, where the covering sheath of the fibre bundles was removed more efficiently NaOH H2O2

  21. Load VS NaOH Concentration 12 10 8 6 Load 4 Load (kG) 2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 NaOH concentration (g/l) • Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration of alkali increases, the fibre bundles more removal of non-fibrous material. However the strength, weight loss, appearance do not conform to the observation. Attributed to maturity and location of bundles in leaves

  22. Treatment with NaOH and Na2CO3 3g/l concentration of NaOH and Na2CO3 at 80o C offered good results. At 120o C with 7g/l NaOH and 3g/l Na2CO3 showed improved results

  23. Treatment with Oxalic Acid • Treatment with Alkaline Pectinase • Treatment with Acidic Pectinase The samples treated did not show any noticeable separation of fibres from leaves. To get a combined effect of various parameters, Box-Behnken method was used for optimizations

  24. De-gumming of Decorticated Fibre Bundles • NaOH and Na2CO3 • Oxalic Acid • Alkaline Pectinase • Acidic Pectinase • Enzyme Mixture – Xylanase and Cellulase Degummed decorticated fibres did not lead without much separation of fibres

  25. Scouring • 3% NaOH concentration was chosen for scouring as further bleaching would lead to strength reduction accompanied with improvement in appearance. • Not practical to reduce the strength of the fibre bundles to a large extent at the scouring stage.

  26. Bleaching Samples was assessed against the greyscale 5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, 1. 5 = no visual change 1 = large visual change

  27. FTIR 8400S Analysis • Mechanically removed fibre bundle from dry leaves and fibre bundles obtained after retting, scouring and bleaching were subjected to FTIR analysis to determine the functional groups present. Functional Groups

  28. FTIR analysis of fibre bundles obtained from mechanical and chemical retting, conclude that the scouring and bleaching do not lead to any substantial change enough to be seen in the FTIR analysis.

  29. Study of the structure and physical properties such as morphological characterisation, their mechanical behaviour in tensile tests, restates its competence as a textile fibre CONCLUSION

  30. The research findings demonstrated from the investigations of the fibres extracted from leaves show positive results

  31. Pandanus utilis (Vacoa) fibres posses’ great potential to be used as fibre. Due to its impressive strength it can be found useful for technical textile application. Proper utilisation of this indigenously available natural resource will open-up new avenues for this natural asset

  32. REFRENCES • Bhattacharya S.D., Shah J. N., (2004), Enzymatic treatment of flax fabric, Textile Research Jr., 74/7, p622-628. • EarleT., 1947. Retting Method [Online] Available at: <http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2407227.pdf> [Accessed 2 December 2008]. • Evans J. D., Akin D.E. , Morrison W. H., Himmelsbach D. S., Mcalister D. D., Foulk J. A., (2003) Modifying Dew-Retted Flax Fibers and Yarns with a Secondary Enzymatic Treatment, Textile Research Journal, Vol. 73, No. 10, 901-906 • Jarvis M.C., (1988), A Survey of Pectic Content of Non-Lignified Monocot Cell walls, Plant Physiol., 88, p309-314. • Linda B., Kimmel L.B., Boylston E. K.,(2001), Non-traditionally Retted Flax for Dry cotton Blend Spinning, Textile research Jr., 71/5,375-380.

  33. REFRENCES • Kyung Hun Song (2006), Chemical and Biological Retting of Kenaf Fibres, Textile Research Journal, Vol. 76, No. 10, p751-756. • Patra A.K., (2003), Enzymes For Wet-Processing Pretreatments, Textile Asia, 34/9, p546-573. • Zhang J., Johansson G., (2003), Effects of acidic media Pre-incubation on flax enzyme retting efficiency, Textile Research Jr., 73/3, p263-267.

  34. Remembering the immortal support of special people in my life Shailesh Kharkar and Mukesh Soocheta Mrs. AnaghaVaidya Soocheta a.soocheta@uom.ac.mu

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