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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy. The Greedy Queen and Her Stingy Parliament. James I and the clash with Parliament . James I wanted absolute power when he inherited the throne from Queen Elizabeth

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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

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  1. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy The Greedy Queen and Her Stingy Parliament

  2. James I and the clash with Parliament • James I wanted absolute power when he inherited the throne from Queen Elizabeth • Elizabeth wanted absolute power too, but was better at flattering parliament to get her way • Always conflict between the royalty and parliament over $ - royalty wants $ for royal court and foreign wars

  3. James I continued • Also annoyed people b/c he refused to make Puritan reforms (get rid of Catholic practices). • Hated when anyone told him what to do (sound familiar?) • Known for the King James bible – the Puritan translation of the old bible

  4. King James I

  5. Charles I • 1625, James I dies and his son, Charles I, gets the throne • Always needed $ for war • When parliament denied $ requests, he dissolved parliament • 1628, parliament gets back together and asks Charles to sign the Petition of Right

  6. Petition of Right • No imprisonment without due cause • No taxation without parliament’s consent • No putting soldiers in private homes • No martial law during peacetime • Charles I signed the petition and then ignored it – even dissolved parliament again and levied mad taxes on the people

  7. The people hated the taxes (obviously) Doesn’t he look like a pompous jerk? More of Charles I

  8. English Civil War • Since Charles I ruled over Scotland AND England, there were several religions • Charles I wanted ONE religion – ended up in Civil War when the Scots rebelled • War cost $, so Charles needed Parliament. Parliament hated him and wanted to limit his power • Supporters of Charles I = Royalists • The opposition supports Parliament = Roundheads

  9. Under leadership of Oliver Cromwell, the puritan roundheads finally won (1646) Took Charles I hostage, tried him in front of the public and executed him The decapitation - More Civil War

  10. Oliver Cromwell • 1649 he got rid of the monarchy and established a republican form of government • Sent most of the Parliamentary members home and eventually established a military dictatorship (he tore up the first constitution that his associate produced) • Since Ireland was under English rule, the Irish revolted against Cromwell and failed – 616,000 Irish were killed by war, plague and famine

  11. Puritan Morality • Cromwell and the Puritans wanted to improve England’s morality • Abolished all “sinful” things – like theater • Cromwell was tolerant of other religions despite his deep Puritan beliefs (EXCEPT CATHOLICS)

  12. Restoration and Revolution • English get sick of military rule and after Cromwell dies, they ask the older son of Charles I (Charles II) to rule England • Restoration of monarch = restoration • Allowed the return of theater and sports • Passed important guarantee of freedom: Habeas Corpus • “to have the body” • People need to know why they’re arrested • Could not be held indefinitely without trial

  13. James II and the Glorious Revolution • James II got the throne after Charles II died • Everyone hated James b/c he was flamboyantly Catholic and gave his Catholic friends good jobs • James was eventually peacefully overthrown by his own daughter and her husband (protestants) • William and Mary then ruled England

  14. Political Changes • First Constitutional Monarchy where laws limited the ruler’s power • Bill of Rights: • No suspension of Parliament’s laws • No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent • Freedom of speech in Parliament • No penalty for complaining about the King

  15. Political Changes Continued • Established a Cabinet • Cabinet was a link b/w the majority party in Parliament and the King • Became center of power and policymaking • Still exists today • Leader of Cabinet = Prime Minister • Who is the Prime Minister of England today???

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