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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy . Chapter 5 Section 5. How did the people (especially in France) view a government under an absolute ruler?. Monarchs Defy Parliament. James I 1603- becomes king of England, already King James IV of Scotland Argues over money with Parliament

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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

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  1. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Chapter 5 Section 5

  2. How did the people (especially in France) view a government under an absolute ruler?

  3. Monarchs Defy Parliament • James I • 1603- becomes king of England, already King James IV of Scotland • Argues over money with Parliament • Puritans hoped he would enact reforms to purify English church of Catholic practices; James refused

  4. Monarchs Defy Parliament • Charles I • 1625- becomes king of England after his father’s (James I) death • Needed money from Parliament to pay for war with Spain and France • Dissolved Parliament when they did not agree to grant him money • 1628- Parliament agreed to grant Charles money if he signed the Petition of Right

  5. 1628-Petition of Right • 1. Charles I would not imprison subjects without due cause. • 2. He would not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent. • 3. He would not house soldiers in private homes. • 4. He would not impose martial law in peacetime. • Charles refused to follow the petition and dissolved Parliament in 1629.

  6. Why was the Petition of Right important even though King Charles I ignored it?

  7. English Civil War • 1641- Parliament passed laws to limit royal power; Charles arrested leaders in 1642 • 1642-1649- English Civil War • Royalists (Cavaliers)- remained loyal to the king • Puritan supporters of Parliament (Roundheads)- opposed the king

  8. English Civil War • 1647-Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army defeated Cavaliers and held Charles I prisoner • 1649- Parliament brought Charles to trial for treason against Parliament; found guilty and executed • This was the first time a reigning monarch faced public trial and execution.

  9. Oliver Cromwell’s Rule • 1649- Cromwell took power in England. • Abolished monarchy and the House of Lords and became a military dictator. • Passed laws that promoted Puritan morality and abolished activities that they thought sinful- i.e. theater, sporting events, dancing, etc. • Favored religious toleration for all Christians except Catholics

  10. How was Cromwell’s rule similar to an absolute monarchy?

  11. Restoration and Revolution • 1658- Cromwell died; English people sick of military rule • 1659- Charles II voted by Parliament to rule England; monarchy restored • 1679- passed Habeas Corpus Act • Gave every prisoner the right to obtain a writ or document ordering that the prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges

  12. Restoration and Revolution • 1685- James II becomes king (Catholic) • Violated English law by appointing Catholics to office • Dissolved Parliament when protest resulted

  13. Glorious Revolution • Parliament invited James’ daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange (prince of the Netherlands) to overthrow James’ rule for the sake of Protestantism. • 1688-Glorious Revolution • William led army to London and James fled to France • Bloodless overthrow

  14. Limits on Monarch’s Power • William and Mary vowed to recognize Parliament as their partner in governing. • England was now a constitutional monarchy (laws limited the ruler’s power).

  15. Limits on Monarch’s Power • English Bill of Rights- lists what a ruler could not do • No suspending of Parliament’s laws • No levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament • No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament • No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances • Cabinet System • Acted in the ruler’s name but represented the majority party of Parliament • Prime minister- leader of the majority party in Parliament- same system used today

  16. In what ways were the English Bill of Rights similar to the United States’ Bill of Rights?

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