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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy. Chapter 5, Section 5. James I. a.k.a. James Stuart Elizabeth’s nearest relative (her cousin) and heir Already King of Scotland First of Stuart dynasty in England. James I (cont.). Continues Elizabeth’s struggles with Parliament over money

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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

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  1. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Chapter 5, Section 5

  2. James I • a.k.a. James Stuart • Elizabeth’s nearest relative (her cousin) and heir • Already King of Scotland • First of Stuart dynasty in England

  3. James I (cont.) • Continues Elizabeth’s struggles with Parliament over money • Also offends Puritan members of Parliament by not enacting Puritan reforms • Only agreed to new translation of the Bible Puritans – people who wished to purify the Anglican church of Catholic practices

  4. Charles I • James’ son • Always needed money b/c at war with Spain and France • If Parliament refused, he would just dissolve it • Parliament refused to give Charles more money until he signed the Petition of Right

  5. Petition of Right • King Charles I agreed: • He would not imprison people without due cause • He would not levy taxes without Parliament’s OK • He would not house soldiers in private homes • He would not impose martial law during peacetime • Petition limits Charles I’s power but he ignores it dissolves Parliament again • The Petition is important b/c sets forth idea that the law is higher than the king

  6. English Civil War • Charles I is very unpopular • In 1641, Parliament passes laws to limit king’s power • Result is English Civil War (Puritans vs. King) • Royalists or Cavaliers = supporters of Charles I • Roundheads = Puritan supporters of Parliament • Oliver Cromwell will lead the Roundheads to victory • Charles I is tried for treason and beheaded

  7. Cromwell’s Rule • Abolishes the monarchy and the House of Lords • Becomes military dictator • Crushes rebellion in Ireland • Promotes Puritan morality by abolishing theater, sporting events, and dancing

  8. The Restoration • After Cromwell dies, Parliament votes to restore the monarchy • Charles II is crowned in 1660 • Restoration—return of monarchy under Charles II • Parliament is sick of military rule and passes habeas corpuswhich guarantees freedom

  9. Habeas Corpus • Latin for “to have the body” • Gives prisoners the right to obtain a document ordering the prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges against him • The judge decides whether or not the prisoner should be set free • A monarch can’t put you in jail for opposing him • Also, prisoners can’t be held indefinitely without a trial

  10. James II • Charles II’s Catholic brother James becomes king in 1685 • Whigs opposed James as heir • Tories supported James as heir • Glorious Revolution—bloodless overthrow of James in 1688

  11. A New Type of Monarchy • Protestants William and Mary become rulers of England • Agree to constitutional monarchy—legal limits on royal power Bill of Rights • In 1689, Parliament drafts Bill of Rights • Sets limits on royal power Cabinet System Develops in 1700s • Cabinet =a group of government ministers • Ministers link majority party in Parliament with monarch

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