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Carbonyl Compounds

Carbonyl Compounds. Carbonyl Compounds Chap. 12. Carbonyl Containing Compounds Nucleophilic Addition Reactions Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions Reducing Agents Oxidation of Alcohols Organometallic (Grignard Reagents) Note: overview only. Carbonyl Compounds. Carbonyl Compounds.

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Carbonyl Compounds

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  1. Carbonyl Compounds

  2. Carbonyl Compounds Chap. 12 • Carbonyl Containing Compounds • Nucleophilic Addition Reactions • Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions • Reducing Agents • Oxidation of Alcohols • Organometallic (Grignard Reagents) Note: overview only

  3. Carbonyl Compounds

  4. Carbonyl Compounds Source: http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/crbacid1.htm

  5. Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

  6. Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

  7. Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

  8. Redox Reactions • Oxidation: Loss of electrons • Increase Oxygen • Decrease Hydrogen • Reduction: Gain of electrons • Increase Hydrogen • Decrease Oxygen

  9. Reducing Agents

  10. Reducing Agents • LiAlH4 • Lithium Aluminum Hydride • Stronger reducing agent • Reduces all carbonyl groups to alcohols • NaBH4 • Sodium Borohydride • Weaker reducing agent • Reduces only ketones & aldehydes to alcohol • Work problem 12.1, Page 540

  11. Alcohol Dehydrogenase

  12. Oxidation of Alcohols • PCC • Primary alcohols to aldehydes • KMnO4 • Primary alcohols to carboxylic acids • H2CrO4 • Secondary alcohols to ketones

  13. Oxidation of Alcohols (PCC) Primary alcohols to aldehydes

  14. Oxidation of Alcohols (KMnO4) Primary alcohols to carboxylic acids

  15. Oxidation of Alcohols (H2CrO4) Secondary alcohols to ketones

  16. Chemical Test for 10 & 20 Alcohols Distinguishes primary and secondary alcohols from all functional groups except aldehydes Problem 12.3, Page 547 Problem 12.12, 12.17, Page 563

  17. Organomagnesium Compounds • Discovered by the French chemist Victor Grignard in 1900 (Nobel Prize, 1912) • Now called Grignard Reagents • Formed from free radical reactions • Related to organolithium compounds • Create nucleophilic R-groups

  18. Organomagnesium Compounds

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