Industrial Revolution

1. Industrial Revolution Chapters 12 & 13 World History

2. INTRODUCTION • Up until the 1700’s Europe was still in the agricultural revolution. • People still survived by farming. • 75% of the population farmed.

3. INTRODUCTION • Life was hard. The average life span was 40 years of age. • 1 in 3 died in the first year of birth. • 1 in 2 people lived until the age of 21.

4. INTRODUCTION • Most people lived in rural villages. • They lived in cottages with dirt floors and sometimes shared these dwellings with their animals. • The entire lifestyle revolved around agriculture and farming and agriculture.

5. DOMESTIC SYSTEM • A labor system in which the entire families work to produce goods in their home. • It was used in such industries as wool, ironworks, glass, and leatherworks.

6. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • In the 1700’s things will begin to change. • The Industrial Revolution will begin in England (Great Britain).

7. REASONS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN ENGLAND • Enclosure Act • Allowed land owners to fence in their estates. This forced many small farmers to the cities. • Improvements in agriculture • New tools, crop rotation, use of fertilizers • Capital • England had a large middle class with money to invest and entrepreneurs would set up industries.

8. REASONS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN ENGLAND • Natural Resources • Iron, coal, harbors, river systems, eventually oil • Labor Supply • Markets in which to Ship Products

9. The Industrial Revolution will begin with the textile industry. This will create a great demand for cotton.

10. John Kay • In 1733 he invented the “flying shuttle” which allowed for wider fabrics.

11. James Hargreaves • In 1764 he invented the “spinning jenny” which would increase the spinning process.

12. Richard Arkwright • In 1768 he invented the “water frame” which was a spinning machine powered by water.

13. Samuel Crompton • In 1779 he invented the “cotton mule” which combined the best features of the water frame and the spinning jenny.

14. Edmund Cartwright • In 1787 he invented the power loom which would speed up the weaving process.

15. Eli Whitney • In 1793, he invented the cotton gin which increased the ability to provide raw cotton to the factory.

16. James Watt • In 1781 he will be the Scottish mathematician who designed the steam engine. • The steam engine will become the main energy source for the factories.

17. Henry Cort • In 1783 he started using coal instead of wood to make a better grade of iron.

18. William Kelly & Henry Bessemer • These two men came up with improved methods of producing steel.

19. Robert Fulton • In 1807 he will develop the first steamboat. • Fulton’s first steamboat was named Clermont.

20. Savannah • The name of the steamboat that crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 27 days in 1819.

21. Richard Trevithick • In 1804 he developed the first steam locomotive.

22. Gottlieb Daimler • In 1887 he invented the gasoline internal-combustion engine.

23. Rudolf Diesel • In 1887 he invented the oil-burning internal combustion engine.

24. Ferdinand von Zeppelin • He improved the blimp and made it where it could carry passengers in 1892.

25. Wilbur & Orville Wright • They had the first flight of a motorized airplane in 1903. • The flight took place in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

26. Samuel Morse • He invented the telegraph in the 1830’s.

27. Guglielmo Marconi • In 1895 he developed the wireless telegraph. • This machine was later modified into the radio.

28. Alexander Graham Bell • In 1876 he invented the telephone.

29. Michael Faraday • He was a British chemist and physicist who discovered that by moving a magnet through a coil in a copper wire would produce an electric current. • This would lead to the development of the electric motor in the 1870’s.

30. Thomas Edison • In 1871 he would invent the phonograph and in 1879 invent the light bulb.