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Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction. Definition of Reproduction. The process by which living organisms produce new organisms of their own kind. Two types of Reproduction. Sexual Asexual. Asexual Reproduction. A single parent produces an identical offspring

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Asexual Reproduction

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  1. Asexual Reproduction

  2. Definition of Reproduction • The process by which living organisms produce new organisms of their own kind

  3. Two types of Reproduction • Sexual • Asexual

  4. Asexual Reproduction • A single parent produces an identical offspring • Same hereditary information (genes) in the offspring as in the parent • Same traits generation after generation • Process happens quickly and produces large number of offspring

  5. Concerns • Limited genetic variation (they are all the same) makes the organism more susceptible to mass extinction • Rapid growth may be limited by the food, water, space, etc. which may lead to death of organisms

  6. Seven Types of Asexual Reproduction • 1. Mitosis • 2. Binary fission • 3. Budding • 4. Spores • 5. Regeneration • 6. Vegetative propagation • 7. Cloning

  7. Mitosis (#1) • Produces body cells in animals and plants • Process studied in 7th Grade • Cells produce an identical cell with the same function • http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

  8. Mitosis Video

  9. Binary Fission (#2) • Simplest form • Parent cell divides into two equal parts • Example : bacteria www.DennisKunkel.com

  10. Amoeba • Another Example of binary fission • Live in fresh water Movement Amoeba engulfing (eating) food 40x http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/amoeba/t1/amoeba01.htm

  11. Binary Fission Video

  12. Paramecium • Many swimmers • Oral groove (mouth) • Cilia for propulsion http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/paramecium/index.html

  13. Budding (#3) • New individual ”grows” off parent organism • New offspring may break off or remain attached • Examples : yeast, hydra, sponges http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/moviegallery/pondscum/coelenterata/hydra/index.html

  14. Spores (#4) • Specialized cell similar to a seed • Thick, tough outer covering • Example: fungi

  15. Regeneration (5) • Ability to re-grow lost body parts • Examples : starfish, planarian, earthworms http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/darkfield/planaria.html

  16. Vegetative Propagation (#6) • Growing new plants from: roots – sweet potato stems – philodendron leaves– african violet

  17. Grafting • Combining the roots of one plant with the stem of another • Grapes : tough wild roots + seedless (yummy) stems • Roses : tough wild roots + pretty stems • 5 in 1 apple trees : roots of one tree + 5 varieties of • http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/propagation/graftingmovies/index.html

  18. Cloning (#7) • The process of: • Scientifically-engineered reproductive technology • Removes nucleus from an egg cell • Replaces it with the nucleus from a body cell of another organism • Zaps it with electricity • Divides and develops into new embryo

  19. Offspring Cloning Zap with electricity Replace nucleus Remove nucleus Wait 7 Days *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 • Replace with a body cell nucleus of donor • blood, skin, muscle • cell • * Diploid Cell • 46 chromosomes • Host Organism Sex Cell (egg) • Haploid = 1/2 chromosomes of the body cell • Human = 23 chromosomes 9 months *Not genetically like host organism *Exact genetic copy of donor cell Place in the uterus of the host organism

  20. Cloning • Process ensures the new plant/animal is an exact copy of the donor cell http://www.guardian.co.uk/gall/0,8542,627251,00.html

  21. Pictures of Cloned Animals • http://www.guardian.co.uk/gall/0,8542,627251,00.html

  22. Dolly Video

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