PowerPoint to accompany Essentials of Medical Language, 2e Allan, Lockyer

1. PowerPoint to accompanyEssentials of Medical Language, 2e Allan, Lockyer Chapter 1: The Anatomy of Word Construction: The Essential Elements of the Language of Medicine

2. The Anatomy of Word Construction:The Essential Elements of the Language of Medicine Lesson 1.1: The Construction of Medical Words

3. Roots and Combining Vowels • All medical terms have one or more roots. • The root provides the meaning of the word. • Example: • The word pneumonia has the root pneumon-, meaning lung or air.

4. Roots and Combining Vowels • Roots are often joined to other elements of a medical term by placing a combining vowel on the end of the root. • A root plus a combining vowel creates a combining form. • Example: pneum + o pneum/o

5. Keynote • Throughout this textbook, the combining vowel will be separated from the root by a slash (/) whenever the term is being analyzed. • Example: respir/a

6. Combining Forms pneum- -o- pneum/o root combining combining vowelform pulmon- -o- pulmon/o root combining combining vowelform

7. Keynote Different roots can have the same meaning. Pulmon- and pneumon- both mean lung.

8. Suffix A suffix is an element added to the end of a root or combining form to give it a new meaning. If the suffix begins with a consonant, it must follow a combining vowel. If the suffix begins with a vowel, no combining vowel is needed. 1-8

9. Suffix pulmon –ary root + suffix = pulmonary, pertaining to the lung pulmon/o –logy root + combining vowel + suffix = pulmonology, study of the lung

10. Suffix –ia a condition of pneumonia, a condition (infection) of the lung –ation a process respiration, a process of breathing. 1-10

11. Prefix • A prefix is an element added to the beginning of a root or combining form to continue to expand the meaning of medical terms. • Prefixes never require a combining vowel. • Not every term has a prefix.

12. Prefix pre– mature prefix + root = premature, before the normal pregnancy post– mature prefix + root = postmature, after the normal pregnancy 1-12

13. Prefix uni– unilateral, one side of the body bi– bilateral, two (both)sides of the body 1-13

14. Prefix peri– perinatal, around the time of birth epi– epigastric, above the stomach hypo– hypogastric, below the stomach 1-14

15. Prefix micro– microcyte, small redblood cell macro– macrocyte, large redblood cell 1-15

16. Element Review • Identify the prefixes and suffixes of the following word: – perinatal peri- - nat - - al prefix root suffix

17. Element Review • Identify the prefixes and suffixes of the following word: – hypogastric hypo- -gastr- -ic prefix root suffix

18. The Anatomy of Word Construction Lesson 1.2: Word Analysis and Deconstruction

19. Word Deconstruction • When you see an unfamiliar medical term, first identify the suffix. For example: – cardiologist The suffix is -logist, one who studies and is a specialist in. Cardi/o is the combining form for heart.

20. Word Deconstruction • Use deconstruction to determine the meaning of the following word: – myocardial The suffix is -al, pertaining to; my/o is the combining form for muscle; and the root cardi means heart.

21. Element Review Identify the elements of the following word: – cardiomyopathy cardi/o- -my/o- -pathy combining combining suffix form form 1-21

22. Pronunciations • Correct pronunciation of medical terms is essential so that other health professionals can understand what you are saying. • It is a most important component in ensuring patient safety and providing high-quality patient care.

23. Pronunciations Some words that are pronounced the same are spelled differently and have different meanings. For example: Both iliumand ileumare pronounced ILL -ee-um. The iliumis a bone in the pelvis The ileumis a segment of the small intestine. 1-23

24. Pronunciations Some words sound the same if incorrectly pronounced. For example: The term prostate, pronounced PROSS-tate, refers to the gland at the base of the male bladder. The term prostrate, pronounced pross-TRAYT means to be physically weak or exhausted or to lie flat on the ground. 1-24

25. Plurals • Plural endings for medical terms do not simply involve adding an “s.” • Plural endings must be memorized.

26. Plural Examples • Refer to Table 1.1 of the text, page 12.

27. Keynote • Many words, when they are written or pronounced, have an element that if misspelled or mispronounced gives the intended word an entirely different meaning.

28. Keynote • Consider the case of confusing hypotension (low blood pressure) with hypertension (high blood pressure) A treatment response to the different meaning could cause a medical error and perhaps the death of a patient. 1-28

29. Keynote • Precision in written and verbal communication is essential to prevent errors in patient care.

30. Final Word Being a health professional requires the utmost attention to detail and precision in both written documentation and verbal communication. A patient’s life can be in your hands. Any incorrect spelling can reflect badly on the whole health team. Any incorrect pronunciation and spelling can reflect badly on you as a health professional. 1-30

31. Final Word Roots provide the core meaning of medical terms. Roots are often joined to other elements in the medical term by placing a combining vowel on the end of the root. Adding a suffixor a prefixto a root can build new words with different meanings. Precision in communication is vitally important. 1-31