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Understand the core concepts of industrial hygiene including risk, cost, exposure modeling, mitigation, residual risk, and risk acceptors. Learn about the key elements of industrial hygiene, steps in the AREC process, and how to evaluate chemical risks. Explore the history, limitations, and changes in safety standards, including the role of OSHA and the development of TLVs. Find out how to select ventilation systems, PPE, and protect seasonal workers. Dive into current issues such as new standards, teen summer hires, changing safety roles, and safety culture. Explore the nuances of safety climate versus safety culture and how they impact organizational behavior.
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What did we learn? Safety 5120 Industrial Hygiene
What is risk? What is a TLV/Standard? What are the Steps in AREC? When OSHA visits What the Administrative Laws tells us What is exposure modeling? What is a baseline survey? What ventilation? Safety 5120 - Elements Industrial Hygiene
Risk and Cost- Time Safety 5120 Red = Risk Blue = Cost Industrial Hygiene
Driving down Risk costs $ How far do you drive down risk? What is the cost of mitigation? What residual risk is acceptable? Risk management retains Who is risk acceptor? Risk/Cost Industrial Hygiene
Costs: Managing & controlling Process Resources expended to remove hazard Costs associated with training Risk And Cost Industrial Hygiene
As you drive down risk, the cost increases! Risk Industrial Hygiene
Residual Risk – The risk remaining after mitigation has been applied. Review: Residual risk Industrial Hygiene
Risk = Probability * Consequence Probability of the event (1/1000 times) Consequence: injury, illness, fatality Risk Industrial Hygiene
Chemical Risks: How do I evaluate them? Synergistic effects, additive effects, unity? Safety 5120 Industrial Hygiene
Carcinogens Production products Similar routes of entry Degrading PPE Using VHI Standards (OSHA) Chemical Risks Industrial Hygiene
Safety Attitude: 1966 Safety was a management prerogative. They could have it or not. Workers looked out for themselves. Then – OSHA – 1970. Accidents changed the attitude Safety 5120 Industrial Hygiene
Accidents: • Mine Accident • Farmington, West Virginia Industrial Hygiene
Limitations of Toxicology and Standards Change – New TLVs Applying toxicology studies Animals to humans Different organ systems High tumor rates Safety 5120 Industrial Hygiene
Toluene – Change to current 20 ppm. Development of TLVs - A challenge – Why? Toxicology & Standards Industrial Hygiene
New Data – laboratory Carcinogens Epidemiological data NIOSH/CDC Data Lawsuits TLVs and Changes Industrial Hygiene
What Data do I use? What safety factor? 10x 100x What effect am I protecting against? New TLVs Industrial Hygiene
New Screening methods Improved tests DNA Mapping Predictors of Disease What’s Next? Industrial Hygiene
How to select Ventilation Systems: By the TLV Vapor Pressure How used. Ventilation Systems Industrial Hygiene
Use Tables Apply K factors Dilution Formula – provides estimate Ventilation Industrial Hygiene
Basic Epidemiology - A group of workers exposed to a chemical. Safety 5120 Industrial Hygiene
Time of Exposure Same Exposure Group Same symptoms Onset of Symptoms Epidemiology Industrial Hygiene
History - The role of Alice Hamilton in risk. Safety 5120 Industrial Hygiene
Anticipation – look forward Recognition – Noticing the hazards Evaluation – Examining the Operation Control – Establishing controls AREC Process Industrial Hygiene
Comprehensive Survey Importance Elements Chemical Lists Exposure Modeling Factors Certain, Uncertain Safety 5120 Industrial Hygiene
Ventilation Systems – Design the system to the hazard Safety 5120 Industrial Hygiene
Strategy Basic Characterization Exposure Assessment Further gathering Health hazard Controls Baseline Survey Industrial Hygiene
How do you select PPE? PPE Industrial Hygiene
Just three words… So, As the Industrial Hygiene Industrial Hygiene
Be the Mongoose Industrial Hygiene
Current Issues New Standards OSHA Expanding Teen Summer Hires Seasonal Workers Changing Safety Roles Industrial Hygiene
Hexavalent Chromates – new standard Nanotechnology – safety behind the curve Ergonomics Carcinogens Current Issues Industrial Hygiene
OSHA Expanding Health Care workers Flight Attendants Government Farms? Current Issues Industrial Hygiene
Teen Summer Hires New requirements Some work not available (<18) OSHA Website has information TLVs protect them? Current Issues Industrial Hygiene
What to report? When to report? Politics Support IH and Ethics Industrial Hygiene
Seasonal Workers How to protect them? Measure exposure? Provide Medical Examinations? Hold companies accountable? Current Issues Industrial Hygiene
Changing Safety Roles QA Aspect Environmental Mission vrs Safety Safety Culture – Safety Climate Current Issues Industrial Hygiene
Culture: shared values and beliefs of an organization commonly described as "the way we do things here." The culture also can be thought of as the shared norms for behavior in the organization. Climate, prevailing influences on a particular area of functioning (such as safety) at a point in time. Climate should be discussed in the context of being the climate for something: safety, quality, service, etc. It reflects employee perceptions about what gets rewarded, supported and expected in a particular setting. Safety Culture – Safety Climate Industrial Hygiene
Safety Climate – Safety Culture Safety Culture doesn’t support Safety Culture Short term strengthing of climate Will only result in short-term improvement Climate Industrial Hygiene
Goal: Improve Culture Good Safety Culture Safety Climate stays! Industrial Hygiene
Accidents don’t necessarily address culture issues Accidents: Focus on Climate Industrial Hygiene
Fatality occurs: Notes in the culture of the organization: The people at this site were never unconcerned about safety Did not set out to ignore safety procedures. Important assumptions that worked against safety: Being the best in the division was important to personnel at the site, Being the best meant doing what they needed to do to maximize productivity. Workers knew their jobs very well after all, they were highly experienced and successful so that having process steps checked by supervisors was not seen to have much value. Safety Culture Industrial Hygiene
Emphasize Double Checking Safety as important as production Setting milestones/Performance goals Communicating! Safety Culture Industrial Hygiene
Break? Industrial Hygiene