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SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Glycogen

SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Glycogen. What is Glycogen?. Branched polymer of glucose Storage form of glucose Liver Maintenance of blood glucose levels, especially during fasting Skeletal Muscle Fuel reserve for synthesis of ATP for muscle contraction. Draw Structure.

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SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Glycogen

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  1. SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRYGlycogen

  2. What is Glycogen? • Branched polymer of glucose • Storage form of glucose • Liver • Maintenance of blood glucose levels, especially during fasting • Skeletal Muscle • Fuel reserve for synthesis of ATP for muscle contraction Draw Structure

  3. Types of Polysaccharide Linkages • What is an alpha 1->4 linkage? • What is a beta 1->4 linkage? • How are monosaccharides branched at C6? Illustrate

  4. Branched Structure of Glycogen What is meant bynon-reducing vs.reducing end?

  5. Reducing v. Nonreducing Sugars • A reducing sugar has an anomeric C that has NOT formed a glycosidic bond, such that it can reduce oxidizing agents. Recall what ananomeric C is!

  6. Reducing v. Nonreducing Sugars Glycogen has one reducing end. All other ends are non-reducing.

  7. A Closer Look at Glycogen • Today: Glycogen Breakdown • Monday: Glycogen Synthesis • Wednesday: Control of Glycogen Synthesis

  8. Three Enzymes Involved in Glycogen Breakdown • Glycogen Phosphorylase • Produces Glucose 1-Phosphate • Uses Pyridoxal 5’-Phosphate (cofactor) • Glycogen Debranching Enzyme • 2 Enzymatic functions • Produces glucose • Transfers branches onto main polymer chain • Phosphoglucomutase

  9. Glycogen Phosphorylase Glycogen phosphorylase uses the cofactor pyridoxal 5’-phosphate to catalyze production of glucose 1-phosphate from a terminal end of glycogen.

  10. Glycogen+ Pi+ Glycogen Phosphorylase Mechanism • Formation of a ternary complex

  11. Glycogen Phosphorylase Mechanism 2. Formation of an oxonium intermediate

  12. Glycogen Phosphorylase Mechanism 3. Formation of glucose 1-phosphate Glucose1-Phosphate + Glycogenn-1

  13. Three Enzymes Involved in Glycogen Breakdown • Glycogen Phosphorylase • Produces Glucose 1-Phosphate • Uses Pyridoxal 5’-Phosphate (cofactor) • Glycogen Debranching Enzyme • 2 Enzymatic functions • Produces glucose • Transfers branches onto main polymer chain • Phosphoglucomutase

  14. Glycogen Debranching Enzyme Transferase activity

  15. Phosphoglucomutase

  16. Glycogen Debranching Enzyme Transferase activity

  17. How To Study • Learn all 10 steps of Glycolysis • Substrates • Products • Enzymes • Know general process by which mechanisms occur • Learn 3 enzyme activities used to break down glycogen

  18. PRS • What is the maximum number of O2 molecules that hemoglobin can bind? • One • Two • Three • Four

  19. PRS • What is the product formed by the activity of triose phosphate isomerase in glycolysis? • Glucose 1-phosphate • Glucose 6-phosphate • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate • Pyruvate

  20. PRS • How many ATP’s are produced after the first stage (Steps 1-5) of glycolysis? • None • One • Two • Four

  21. PRS • Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble? • Vitamin C • Vitamin A • Riboflavin • Folate

  22. PRS • B cells mature in the ________. • Thymus • Bone marrow • Muscle tissue • Myosin

  23. PRS • Oxygen binding to myoglobin results in what shaped curve? • Sigmoidal • Hyperbolic • Linear • Sinusoidal

  24. PRS • Which of the following amino acids is not in the catalytic triad of serine proteases? • Ser • Thr • His • Asp

  25. PRS • What is Km? • The catalytic efficiency • The catalytic rate constant • 1/2 Vmax • [S] at 1/2 Vmax

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