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Cholera and Osmosis

Cholera and Osmosis. Poverty: % under £1 per day. http://www.kenyanview.com/IMG_0865_Nairobi_skyline.jpg. Kenya. http://www.planetware.com/i/photo/amboseli-national-reserve-formerly-amboseli-national-park-ken132.jpg. Mathare Valley outside Nairobi.

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Cholera and Osmosis

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  1. Cholera and Osmosis

  2. Poverty: % under £1 per day

  3. http://www.kenyanview.com/IMG_0865_Nairobi_skyline.jpg Kenya http://www.planetware.com/i/photo/amboseli-national-reserve-formerly-amboseli-national-park-ken132.jpg

  4. Mathare Valley outside Nairobi http://picasaweb.google.com/dmeyer1usa/AfricaTrip2007/photo#5132143011588101730

  5. Raw sewage flows through the streets. Imagine you are a doctor in a clinic here. One day a sick young woman enters the clinic…… http://abandoned-orphaned.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/08/01/matharesewagerut.jpg

  6. Patient Presentation • 22 year old female • Sudden onset of severe, watery diarrhea • Nausea, vomiting • Physical exam: dry mouth, low blood pressure What are the possible causes? How could you confirm your diagnosis?

  7. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vibrio_cholerae_01.jpg/800px-Vibrio_cholerae_01.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vibrio_cholerae_01.jpg/800px-Vibrio_cholerae_01.jpg Under the microscope…. Cholera http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/a/a8/V_cholerae.jpg

  8. What is the biggest problem with cholera? http://www.msf.org/source/countries/africa/angola/2006/cholera_tent.jpg

  9. You are the doctor, and you must save the patient’s life. Here is what you have to work with… • Antiviral medication • Antibacterial medication (antibiotics) • Salt • Aspirin • Sugar • Water • Pepsi

  10. http://www.medicalook.com/systems_images/Digestive_System.jpghttp://www.medicalook.com/systems_images/Digestive_System.jpg

  11. http://visiblehuman.epfl.ch/

  12. Skin Intestine Body

  13. Skin Salt Body Intestine Salt Salt Cholera bacteria produce a toxin which makes the epithelial cells secrete salt into the intestine.

  14. Our Model System The Body Boiling Tube Skin Dialysis Tube Intestine

  15. Two Dialysis Tubes per Group Boiling Tube = water = sucrose

  16. Water Sucrose Solution Water Water Water Osmosis

  17. Net Flow of Water Osmosis

  18. Sucrose Solution Net Flow of Water Net Flow of Water

  19. does your experiment explain cholera diarrhea?

  20. Salt Salt Salt

  21. Salt Salt Salt Salt Salt

  22. Salt Salt Net Flow of Water Net Flow of Water Salt Salt Salt

  23. How would you treat the patient using osmosis?

  24. You have to know something about absorption in the epithelial cells of the intestine. • Glucose and sodium are transported together from the intestine, across the cell and into the blood.

  25. intestine Sodium ions glucose Epithelial cell Facilitated diffusion Active transport Energy from ATP glucose Sodium ions blood

  26. Salt Sugar Salt Salt Sugar Sugar Salt Sugar

  27. Salt Sugar Salt Salt Sugar Sugar Net Flow of Water Net Flow of Water Salt Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Salt Sugar Sugar

  28. Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) There are still 1.8 million deaths a year from diarrhea – but there would be millions more without ORT

  29. ” “”The discovery that sodium transport and glucose transport are coupled in the small intestine so that glucose accelerates absorption of solute and water (is) potentially the most important medical advance this century” The Lancet, British Scientific Journal - 5th August, 1978

  30. Old News? • Sushruta, an ancient Indian medical scholar and the father of Ayurveda (1500 B.C.) had prescribed that cholera victims are to be: • "given to drink a profuse quantity of tepid water in which rock salt and molasses have been dissolved; or clarified water combined with rice gruel." • Sushruta Samhita III, verse II

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