The Enlightenment

1. The Enlightenment Ms. Hunt Unit 3 RMS 2013-2014

2. Agenda: Monday, December 2nd, 2013 • OBJ: Students will summarize the ideas and beliefs of key Enlightenment thinkers by creating a Body Biography on either Locke, Hobbes, or Rousseau. • 1. Warm Up • 2. Guided Notes- The Enlightenment • 3. Body Biographies • 4. Reflection • HW: Graphic Organizer, Guided Notes- Scientific Revolution, Wanted Poster WILL BE CHECKED next class!

3. CNN Student News- December 2nd, 2013 • GOVERNMENT UNREST- In your view, is protesting an effective method of pushing for governmental change? Why or why not? How might this depend on the political climate of the country in which the protests occur? In what other ways can citizens express their opinions to their government? What might be the pros and cons of each of these methods?

4. The Beginning of the Enlightenment • Early 1700’s • Every social, political and economic problem could be solved through the use of reason

5. The Spread of the Enlightenment

6. Major Enlightenment Ideas • Governments are created to secure an orderly society • Separation of powers • All men are created “free and equal” • A free market • Government does not participate in organizing the economy • Natural Rights: a right that cannot be taken away, denied, or transferred • State of Nature: in an uncivilized or uncultured condition. • Social Contract: an agreement between the people and the government that makes decisions that affect those people

7. Enlightenment Thinkers Thomas Hobbes John Locke

8. Social Contract Thomas Hobbes John Locke • Humans are naturally cruel, greedy and selfish. • To escape this “brutish” life people entered into a social contract. • Only a powerful government could ensure an orderly society. • Believed only an absolute monarchy could keep a society completely orderly. • Religious Tolerance • Humans are naturally reasonable, moral and good • Humans have natural rights: life liberty and property • People form governments to protect natural rights • Best government was one with limited power • If a government violates people’s natural rights, people have the right to overthrow government • Religious tolerance of Christians

9. Jean Jacques Rousseau • believed politics and morality are not separate • he is considered an opponent of the Enlightenments emphasis on reason • rely more on instinct and emotion • government is a contract between the ruler and citizens • wrote The Social Contract

10. Enlightenment and the Economy • Physiocrats: were Enlightenment thinkers who focused on economic reforms • Laissez-Faire: allowing business to operate with little or no government interference • Free Market!

11. Body Biography • Complete the Body Biography Activity on either Locke, Rousseau, or Hobbes. You pick! • Each writing piece should be completed in a different color! • Heart- The area where your philosopher’s heart would show their view on religion. • Right Hand- should illustrate actions and accomplishments OR what they contributed to history • Left Hand- should contain the type of government they thought was best • Brain- his belief about the nature of man • Left Leg- This should illustrate their view on the “Social Contract.” • Right Leg- how do they influence today’s society? • Color - Colors are often symbolic. What color(s) do you most associate with your philosopher? Why? How can you effectively weave these colors into your presentation? • 2Symbols - What objects can you associate with your philosopher? Choose objects that especially seem to correspond with the philosopher. • Include a brief statement that explains the symbol! • LABEL! Label your body biography with the philosopher’s name

12. The Enlightenment Day #2 Ms. Hunt Unit 4 RMS 2012-2013

13. Agenda: Thursday, December 5th, 2013 • OBJ: Students will summarize the ideas and beliefs of key Enlightenment thinkers by completing a Philosopher’s Chart outlining their ideas and creating an icon to represent the thinker. • 1. Warm Up • 2. Guided Notes- Enlightenment Part 2 • 3. Philosopher’s Chart • 4. Reflection • HW:

14. CNN Student News: December 5th, 2013

15. Enlightenment and Society • Detested the slave trade and slavery • Deplored religious prejudice • Defended freedom of speech • Attacked divine right theory • Urged education for all • Hated unequal distribution of property • Believed governments should be freely elected • Women’s first duty was to her family

16. Enlightenment Changes Society • Women: Women were not equal and were criticized for attempting to gain equality • Salons: Gatherings to discuss ideas • Music: Ballets and operas become popular • Art: Baroque gives way to rococo art (simple, elegant and charming) • Literature: Novels become popular

17. Enlightenment Changes Society • Majority/Lower Class/Peasants: Slow to change and hurt the worst • Some peasants become eager for change, some resist change completely

18. Baron de Montesquieu: • Criticized absolute monarchy and admired British government • British protected themselves from tyranny by dividing powers of government between three branches: legislative, executive and judicial (misconception) • Each branch of government should be able to ‘check’ the other two • What government does this sound like?

19. Voltaire • Advocated freedom of thought, speech, politics, and religion. • Against the Roman Catholic church and Christianity- religious tolerance • He was imprisoned in the Bastille in Paris and exiled because ofhis attacks on the French government and the Catholic Church.

20. Mary Wolstonecraft • disagreed with societies treatment of women • believed marriage was particularly unfair to women • advocated equal education for women and men • wrote Vindication of the Rights of Women • believed that both sexes could contribute equally to society

21. Philosopher’s Chart- Activity • Complete the Philosopher’s Chart. Write in complete sentences. • Give full and complete answers! • Your icon should be no bigger than the box provided and should symbolize the thoughts of that Philosopher. • Your icon must be color *Glue into your Interactive Notebook when you are done!