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How the Internet Works

7/13/2012. Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series. 2. Agenda. Sorting the mailDriving the highwaysTweaks and UtilitiesAppendix. Sorting the Mail. The US Postal Service analogy. 7/13/2012. Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series. 4. Note to your neighbor Postal Service. Address envelopeDeliver to neighbor. 7/13/2

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How the Internet Works

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    1. How the Internet Works Lunch and Learn Session April 12, 2001 Bill Vilberg Instructional Advancement Center

    2. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 2 Agenda Sorting the mail Driving the highways Tweaks and Utilities Appendix

    3. Sorting the Mail The US Postal Service analogy

    4. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 4 Note to your neighbor Postal Service Address envelope Deliver to neighbor

    5. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 5 Note to Your Neighbor Computer Network Address is an IP number 129.171.43.9 Neighbors have the same first digits 129.171.43.x Send message directly from your computer to your neighbor

    6. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 6 Note to Your Neighbor Network Diagram

    7. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 7 In-Town Letters Postal Service Address envelope Give to carrier Sort at post office Pass to carrier Deliver to addressee

    8. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 8 In-Town Letters Computer Network Address message Send to “gateway” Gateway passes information beyond neighborhood and between networks Deliver to addressee

    9. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 9 In-Town Letters Network Diagram

    10. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 10 Out of town letters Postal Service Address message Give to carrier Sort at post office Sort at regional center Sort at receiving post office Pass to carrier Deliver to addressee

    11. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 11 Out of town letters Computer Network Address envelope Send to gateway Pass on to gateway Pass on to gateway Pass on to gateway Pass on to gateway… Deliver to addressee

    12. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 12 Out of Town Letters Network Diagram

    13. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 13 Delivery Rule Computer Network If the address is local, deliver it. If the address is not local, send it to the gateway. Define “local” from subnet mask. 255.255.255.0 matches first three numbers 255.255.0.0 matches the first two numbers

    14. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 14 The Three Numbers IP Number (Who am I?) 129.171.43.9 Mask (Who are my neighbors?) 255.255.255.0 Gateway (Who passes on my messages?) 129.171.43.254

    15. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 15 Finding Your Three Numbers Windows 95/98 Start, Run, “winipcfg” to see Start, Settings, Control Panel, Network, TCP, Properties to set Windows NT Command Prompt, “ipconfig” (?) to see DEMO

    16. Delivery Delays Why isn’t it faster?

    17. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 17 Highway Analogy Highway: Cars and trucks drive on roads and streets Network: Information packets are sent over wires

    18. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 18 Factor 1: Speed of Electricity Highway: Speed limit (absolute) Network: Speed of light?

    19. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 19 Factor 2: Speeds of Devices Highway analogy: Speed that you drive, type of vehicle, toll plazas, rest stops, refueling stops Network: Get faster equipment, network connections

    20. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 20 Factor 3: Congestion, Collisions, Bottlenecks, Equipment Failures Highway analogy: What happens if an Interstate highway exits onto a dirt road? Network: What happens in the red area of this network?

    21. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 21 Speeding Delivery Faster computer Faster CPU More memory Faster interface card/network connection 56Kb hardware-based modem Cable or DSL connection 100 Mb Switched-Ethernet connection Tweaks (next section)

    22. Tweaks and Utilities

    23. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 23 Speed Tests www.dslreports.com, Tools, Speed Tests http://speedtest.mybc.com/ http://www.toast.net/performance/ http://www.fastaccesscentral.com/ (?)

    24. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 24 Tweaks (Use Care) http://tweakhomepc.virtualave.net/thpc.html http://www.dslreports.com/tweak http://www.speedcorp.net/downloads.shtml http://coverage.cnet.com/Content/Features/Howto/Netspeed/ss09.html

    25. Appendix

    26. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 26 DNS Server A Domain Name Server (DNS) converts names to numbers. All Internet addresses are numbers. Every name (www.miami.edu, www.microsoft.com, www.vilberg.com, www.courses.miami.edu, http://inst05.merrick.miami.edu) has a unique number associated with it. UM Primary DNS = 129.171.32.1

    27. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 27 Proxy Server A proxy server takes your message to someone else, and sends it on as a new message from itself. When a reply comes back, the proxy server sends the reply to you. To the other service it looks like everything is coming from the proxy server, not from you. This solves authentication/authorization problems. See www.library.miami.edu, Databases, Remote Access Information for UM details.

    28. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 28 DHCP Server A DHCP server sets all of your numbers for you each time you use the Internet. It allows me to take my portable anywhere on campus and get the right numbers for that location. The unique hardware address of your interface identifies you to the DHCP server. You can find this number at (Win 95/98) Start, Run, winipcfg

    29. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 29 802.11 Wireless A transmitter/receiver in your computer communicates through a series of transmitters/receivers distributed around the area.

    30. Demonstration

    31. 7/13/2012 Ed-Tech Lunch and Learn Series 31 NetHelper http://www.zdnet.com/downloads/stories/info/0,,000SST,.html

    32. How the Internet Works Thank you!

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