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Understanding ICANN and Internet Basics for Beginners

Delve into the inner workings of the Internet with a comprehensive overview of ICANN, domain name registration, DNS servers, and web hosting. Learn how decisions are made, accountability measures, and the role of registrars in defining online presence.

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Understanding ICANN and Internet Basics for Beginners

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  1. How The Internet Works Rachel Akisada & Melanie Kingsley

  2. Overview • ICANN • Registrar • Domain Name Registration • DNS Servers • Web Hosting

  3. What ICANN Does • Coordinates unique identifiers across the world • Allows us to have predictable results • Helps coordinate how IP addresses are supplied • Develops policy on the internet’s unique identifiers

  4. What is ICANN? • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers • Not for profit • Board of Directors • President & CEO • Staff based around the globe • ICANN Ombudsman

  5. Support Organizations • IP addresses • Domain names • Managers of country code top-level domains

  6. Advisory Organizations • Four advisory organizations • Governments and international treaty organizations • Root server operators • Internet security • “At large” community (average internet users)

  7. How it make decisions • Awareness of issue or change • Discuss and produce report for public review • Board receives report • Board discusses the matter • Makes decision • Can be repeated until all parties satisfied

  8. How it is held accountable • Externally • Can be taken to court • Internally • Bylaws • Independent Nominating Committee • Senior staff • Different dispute resolution procedures

  9. Criticisms • The initial way the board was elected • Strays into national and international public policy

  10. Registrar • Organizations that sell domains • Accredited by ICANN • User chooses a registrar to register their domain name

  11. Examples of Registrars • GoDaddy ($11.99) • NameCheap ($9.98) • 1&1($4.99) • Name.com ($9.99)

  12. Resellers • Third party company • Offers domain registration services through a registrar • May not accredited

  13. Domain Names • Websites have numerical IP addresses • Not human friendly • Domain names are easier to remember • Register a domain name to own it

  14. How to register a domain • Think of a unique name • Find a domain name registrar(GoDaddy, Doster, etc.) • Pay for domain name

  15. Who is involved? • Registrant • Registrars • Reseller • Registry Operators • ICANN

  16. DNS Servers • Domain Name System Servers • Database of domain names and IP addresses • Translates a domain name into an IP address • Looks at different servers until the correct address is found

  17. How it Works

  18. Root Name Servers • Looks at Top Level Domain • Returns a list of DNS for the requested TLD • DNS Process

  19. Caching • Contains entries that translate domains into IP addresses • DNS caches on client and ISP • Efficiently keep the internet synchronized • Cache poisoning • Flushing a DNS Cache

  20. Web Hosting • Makes a website accessible via the WWW • Lease server space to the client • Provide Internet connectivity typically in a data center

  21. Hosting Options • Free web hosting (Wordpress.com) • Dedicated hosting service • Colocation Web Hosting Service • Cloud hosting

  22. Top Web Hosts • Dreamhost • Bluehost • GoDaddy • InMotion • SiteGround • iPage • HostGator

  23. Choosing a web host • Need to choose a web host based on your needs • You should consider: • The complexity of your website • Database support • Application Development Platforms

  24. Conclusion • All these things are vital to the internet • ICANN is important to keep things uniform • There is a fluid process for how a website is accessed • Questions?

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