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How the Internet Works

How the Internet Works. By:Chris Dunn, Miles Dunn, Alex Leedy, and Lindsey Jordan. Internet Connection. This picture shows the internet connections in the world Purple-internet Red-bitnet not internet Green-email only Yellow-no connectivity. Internet Connections.

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How the Internet Works

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  1. How the Internet Works By:Chris Dunn, Miles Dunn, Alex Leedy, and Lindsey Jordan

  2. Internet Connection • This picture shows the internet connections in the world • Purple-internet • Red-bitnet not internet • Green-email only • Yellow-no connectivity

  3. Internet Connections • The user connects using a modem, cable line, etc. to the ISP • The ISP may connect to an even larger network making you part of that network also • Many companies have dedicated backbones in various regions, known as Points of Presence

  4. Internet Connections cont. • The POP allows local users to connect to the company’s network • No networks control everything, but instead several high level networks connect to each other through Network Access Points (NAPs)

  5. Internet Connections cont. • All networks rely on backbones, NAPs, and routers to communicate with each other

  6. Routers • Determine where to send information between computers • Ensures info. doesn’t go where it’s not needed and that it makes it to where it is supposed to go • Protects networks from each other

  7. IP Address • Stands for Internet Protocol Address • A unique ID is assigned to each computer • Servers have unique IP addresses which are static, meaning they do not change very often • Each time your computer connects to the internet you are assigned an IP address for that session

  8. IP Address cont. • The IP is assigned by your ISP from their pool of IP addresses • Your IP address may be different each time you connect • Because most people have trouble remembering the strings of numbers that make up an IP, they are assigned domain names (e.g. howstuffworks)

  9. Domain Names • .com and .net domain names are managed by VeriSign • Other registrars manage the other domain names (e.g. .org, .biz)

  10. Host Names • Created by the company hosting the domain • Usually www, but sometimes is different or omitted

  11. Servers • Make up most of the internet, they provide services to the other machines connected to the internet • Various services: email, telnet, web, FTP • These services are run through different ports

  12. Server Ports • echo 7 • daytime 13 • qotd 17 (Quote of the Day) • ftp 21 • telnet 23 • SMTP 25 (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, email) • Time 37 • Nameserver 53

  13. Server Ports cont. • Nicname 43 (WhoIs) • Gopher 70 • Finger 79 • WWW 80

  14. Links to Images • http://www.learnthenet.com/English/animate/animate.htm • http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/eick_internet.gif

  15. Summary of How it Works • After you type a URL into your browser breaks the URL down into three parts, which it uses to find an IP address to connect to the correct machine. After that the browser connects to that server on port 80. Once this has occurred the browser send a GET request to the server to get the file and the server sends text to the browser for the site.

  16. Works Cited • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm

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