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Relationships between migration, commuting and household structure

Relationships between migration, commuting and household structure. Oliver Duke-Williams o.w.duke-williams@leeds.ac.uk www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/.o.duke-williams/. Counting migrants and groups of migrants. Migrants move from origins to destinations People may move singly or in groups

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Relationships between migration, commuting and household structure

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  1. Relationships between migration, commuting and household structure Oliver Duke-Williams o.w.duke-williams@leeds.ac.uk www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/.o.duke-williams/

  2. Counting migrants and groups of migrants • Migrants move from origins to destinations • People may move singly or in groups • Up until the 2001 Census, migrants were counted (in the Census) in two ways • As individual migrants • As wholly moving households

  3. A wholly moving household

  4. Wholly moving households or not?

  5. Counting migrants in the 2001 Census • The 2001 Census introduced the concept of the moving group • Migrants within households are grouped on the basis of their common origins

  6. Moving groups

  7. Absolute numbers of migrants Migrants within UK, 2000-1 Source: 2001 Census Special Migration Statistics

  8. Migration rates Migrants within UK – rates per 1000 at destination, 2000-1 Source: 2001 Census Special Migration Statistics

  9. Absolute numbers of migrants by origin type Migrants within and into UK, 2000-1 Source: 2001 Census Special Migration Statistics

  10. Migration connectivity • Migration connectivity is a simple measure of how well places are connected to other places • It is affected by geography, but useful for comparing alternative characteristics given a fixed geography

  11. Origin connectivity

  12. Destination connectivity

  13. About the BHPS • The British Household Panel Survey • A multi-purpose panel survey • Interviews all adults in a set of representative households • First wave in 1991: 5,500 households, 10,000 individuals

  14. BHPS: Migrants • The BHPS is a useful source of information about migrants • Individuals are tracked over many years • The household context is clear • Respondents are asked about intentions to migrate, and about reasons for recent migration events Limitations • The sample size is small • The geography is limited • Migration tends to be a cause of attrition in longitudinal data sets

  15. BHPS data studied • Individuals from wave J (2000-1) were studied • This roughly matches the transition period over which migration is recorded in the 2001 Census • The data were linked to the next wave, in order to identify those who had moved during the period

  16. Characteristics of migrants in the BHPS • Net balances by region, for movers within UK

  17. Characteristics of migrants in the BHPS • All respondents are asked when they moved to their present address • Data are highly dominated by recent moves • Other moves tend to be within last 10 years or so • The same pattern is apparent in other waves

  18. Characteristics of migrants in the BHPS • Age profile of migrants

  19. Wishes to move • Separate questions ask whether respondents would • prefer to move • expect to move within the next year

  20. Preference and expectation • How to preference and expectation relate to each other?

  21. Prefer to move • Does preference vary by age or sex?

  22. Does preference vary by household type?

  23. Is expectation realised? • How well does an expectation of a move predict an actual move? • Link waves • Compare expect to move vs. actual move status • Can look at: • Preference to move • Expecting to move

  24. What about a year later? • What about a year later? • Are expected moves deferred?

  25. Reasons stated for moving • Those who expected to move and did move • Those who did not expect to move, but did move

  26. Reasons for moving • Stated reasons for an actual move incude employment reasons (various) and non-employment related

  27. Non-employment reasons • Look at reasons for moving amongst those who expected to move and did move

  28. Reasons for moving • What about those who moved, but had not expected to do so?

  29. Reasons for moving • Are reasons for moving different for those who do / do not move? • If respondents indicated that they would like to move, they were asked for reasons why • Did those who followed through on this wish quote different reasons?

  30. Reasons for moving • Do stated reasons for moving vary by household type? • Look at most commonly cited reasons by individuals in different household types

  31. Reasons for moving

  32. Effect of migration • To what extent has migration been associated with a change in circumstances?

  33. RG Social class • Do migrants experience a change in Registrar General’s Social Class?

  34. Tenure • Change in tenure • Using all persons • Use person 1 only

  35. Change in household type • Select movers in wave K • Compare household type in wave K with household type wave J • Fluctuations to household type due to age of children • Moves out of families into households of unrelated adults

  36. Conclusions • BHPS permits detailed analysis of relationships between migrants and their household context • Demonstrates changes in household structure associated with migration events • Motivations for moving are many and varied

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