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Nerve Agents, Tabun and VX gas: Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction

Nerve Agents, Tabun and VX gas: Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction. Joe Lach. VX Gas. Tabun Gas. Other Common Nerve Agents. Cyclosarin. Sarin. CS (Tear Gas). Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphotyl cyanide. Least Deadly, but most volatile: Volatility: v.p. 0.07 mmHg at 25°C

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Nerve Agents, Tabun and VX gas: Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction

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  1. Nerve Agents, Tabun and VX gas: Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction Joe Lach VX Gas Tabun Gas

  2. Other Common Nerve Agents Cyclosarin Sarin CS (Tear Gas)

  3. Dimethylamidoethoxyphosphotyl cyanide Least Deadly, but most volatile: Volatility: v.p. 0.07 mmHg at 25°C Solubility: Water, but rapidly hydrolyzed S-(2-Diisopropylaminoethyl) O-ethyl methylphosphonothiolate Most Deadly, but least volatile: Volatility: v.p. 7.0 × 10-4 mmHg Solubility: Water: 30 g/l

  4. Important Similarities needed Understand the Mechanism of Nerve Agents Tabun VX

  5. How do Nerve Agents Work? Representation of Acetylcholine in the binding site of a receptor Activity of Acetylcholine Receptor following Binding

  6. Why don’t the receptors stay on all the time? Proper Function of AChE Acetylcholine Esterase

  7. What are the Nerve Agents Doing? Example using Diisopropyl phosphofluoridate (DIPF) Acetylcholine Esterase constitutively binds the Nerve Agent’s phosphate and is then rendered inactive

  8. Pathway of Poisoning After Contact with a Lethal Dose (LD) • Contact with VX • Headache and Drowsiness • Nausea and Diarrhea • Altered BP and Breathing • Loss of Consciousness • Convulsions • Paralysis • Death • Contact with Tabun • Headache and Drowsiness • Nausea and Diarrhea • Altered BP and Breathing • Loss of Consciousness • Convulsions • Paralysis • Death = What’s the difference?...

  9. Differences Lethal Dose is determined by measuring the quantity needed to kill half the rats and then multiplying by an average body mass index to determine dangerous levels for humans.

  10. Treatment Atropine Sulfate – Acetylcholine Blocker, blocks other acetylcholine-like compounds by binding the Acetylcholine receptor in such a way as to NOT activate the Na channel.

  11. Any Current Threat? Newport – Located in Indiana only stores VX gas reserves and these are kept in steel drums under 24 hours protection. As of 9/11 most of this supply has supposedly been scheduled for destruction. http://www.cma.army.mil/newport.aspx

  12. Works Cited http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/1996/b012496_bt024-96.html www.unc.edu/news/archives/apr03/hce040703.html www.cmbi.kun.nl/samsam/visualisatie/4.gif www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk/physbiochem/hulme/fig/ http://www.cdc.gov/page.do http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html Gangolli, S. (2005). Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects (DOSE, 3rd Electronic Edition). Royal Society of Chemistry. Access through http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=527&VerticalID=0 Pohanish, R.P. (2002). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens (4th Edition). William Andrew Publishing/Noyes. Access through http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=421&VerticalID=0 Arie Ordentlich, Dov Barak, Gali Sod-Moriah, Dana Kaplan, Dana Mizrahi, Yoffi Segall, Chanoch Kronman, Yishai Karton, Arie Lazar,. (2004) Stereoselectivity toward VX Is Determined by Interactions with Residues of the Acyl Pocket as Well as of the Peripheral Anionic Site of AChE. Biochemistry,43 (35), 11255 -11265 Ramesh C. Gupta, Gary T. Patterson and Wolf-D. Dettbarn. (1987). Acute tabun toxicity; biochemical and histochemical consequences in brain and skeletal muscles of rat. Toxicology. Vol. 46-3, 329-341. J. Heath, Andrew MD PhD. (2002). Antidotes for Poisoning by Organophosporus Pesticides. International Programme on Chemical Safety Evaluation. pics

  13. Questions?

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