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Cellular Respiration: Energy Production in Organisms

Learn about cellular respiration in living organisms, the series of reactions to produce ATP from glucose, and the roles of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Explore glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, and the electron transport chain.

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Cellular Respiration: Energy Production in Organisms

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  1. CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131

  2. Cellular Respiration • All living organisms go through cellular respiration. • Series of chemical reactions to make ATP from glucose Equation for Photosynthesis • 6CO2 + 6H2O + pigment + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 Equation for Cellular Respiration • C6H12O6 + O26 CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY (ATP)

  3. There are 2 scenarios • Aerobic (with oxygen) • Anaerobic (without oxygen) • Anaerobic • Glycolysis (only method for some prokaryotes) • Occurs in cytoplasm • Fermentation allows for this process to keep going • 2 ATPs are made

  4. Aerobic Respiration • Occurs in the mitochondria • Kreb’s cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  5. Glycolysis • Series of chemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm and does not need oxygen to work. • In glycolysis, enzymes break down one of glucose into two pyruvate/pyruvic acid molecules. *Glue glycolysis illustration into notes

  6. Glycolysis

  7. Glycolysis, pg 133 • Step 1, Breaking Down Glucose • Glucose is converted back into 2 - G3P (3 carbon molecule).

  8. Glycolysis • Step 2 and Step 3, NADH and Pyruvate • Each of the G3P go through a series of chemical reactions • Converted into Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) • 2 molecules NADH are created • Important because NADH are Hydrogen ion/proton and e- carriers

  9. Glycolysis • Glycolysis produces 2 ATP • without O2 it also produces 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvates

  10. Fermentation (anaerobic process) pg 134 • To make ATP during glycolysis, NAD+ is converted to NADH. • Organisms must recycle NAD+ to continue making ATP through glycolysis. • The process in which carbohydrates are broken down in the absence of oxygen is called fermentation. • Beneficial because it allows glycolysis to continue supplying a cell with ATP in anaerobic conditions.

  11. Two Types of Fermentation

  12. Cellular Respiration illustration

  13. Aerobic Respiration • 1st stage is the Krebs cycle • a series of reactions that produce electron carriers • (NADH and FADH2) • 2nd stage electron transport chain takes place in the inner membranes of mitochondria • ATP synthase are located here • Up to 36 ATP molecules can be produced from one glucose molecule in aerobic respiration.

  14. Kreb’s Cycle • Pyruvate (from glycolysis) is broken down and combined with other carbon compounds creating CoA. • Releasing CO2 • 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2

  15. Electron Transport Chain • Takes place in the inner membranes of mitochondria • ATP synthase are located here • NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle • transfer energy in the form of e- and H+ into the electron transport chain. • e- are used to pump the H+ across the membrane to create a concentration gradient

  16. Electron Transport Chain ATP Production • Hydrogen ions diffuse through ATP synthase, providing energy to produce several ATP molecules from ADP.

  17. The Role of Oxygen • At the end of ETC • the e- combines with an oxygen atom and two hydrogen ions to form two water molecules. • If oxygen is not present, • the electron transport chain stops, because hydrogen has no where to go. • the electron carriers are not recycled, so the Krebs cycle also stops

  18. Summary

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