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Descriptive Grammar of English Part 1: Phonetics and Phonology

Descriptive Grammar of English Part 1: Phonetics and Phonology. dr Iwona Kokorniak (with contribution from dr Jarosław Weckwerth ) 29th November 200 8. Monophthongs. Steady-state vowels: The same quality throughout Also known as pure vowels Or monophthongs. Diphthongs.

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Descriptive Grammar of English Part 1: Phonetics and Phonology

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  1. Descriptive Grammarof EnglishPart 1:Phoneticsand Phonology dr Iwona Kokorniak (with contribution from dr Jarosław Weckwerth) 29thNovember 2008

  2. Monophthongs • Steady-state vowels: • The same quality throughout • Also known as pure vowels • Or monophthongs

  3. Diphthongs • Diphthongs: the quality changes • ‘Two vowels in one’ • Smooth movementfrom one vowel to another

  4. ending point (offglide) starting point Diphthongs aɪ

  5. Diphthongs: falling & rising • Prominence (=importance) falls or rises • Rising vs falling diphthongs ju:vsaɪ more important

  6. Closing & centring diphth. • Direction of movement • Closing diphthongs(from more open to closer) aɪ eɪ ɔɪ aʊ əʊ, oʊ

  7. Closing & centring diphth. • Centring diphthongs(towards the centre, BrEng) eə ɪə ʊə

  8. English vowels: /aɪ/ • Typical spellings: by try rhyme baɪ traɪ raɪm

  9. English vowels: /aɪ/ • Typical spellings: high night fight haɪ naɪt faɪt

  10. English vowels: /aɪ/ • Less typical spellings: Ieye buy guy height aɪ baɪ gaɪ haɪt

  11. • j ɪ • Polish a • English vowels: /aɪ/

  12. English vowels: /eɪ/ • Typical spellings: FACE lane wage feɪs leɪn weɪdʒ

  13. English vowels: /eɪ/ • Typical spellings: day stay Wayne deɪ steɪ weɪn

  14. English vowels: /eɪ/ • Typical spellings: main wait rain meɪn weɪt reɪn

  15. English vowels: /eɪ/ • Less typical spellings: eight veil weight eɪt veɪl weɪt

  16. English vowels: /eɪ/ • Less typical spellings: rein reign they obey reɪn reɪn ðeɪ ə'beɪ

  17. English vowels: /eɪ/ • Less typical spellings: great steak break greɪt steɪk breɪk

  18. • j ɪ • • e • ɛ English vowels: /eɪ/

  19. English vowels: /ɔɪ/ • Typical spellings: CHOICE voice point tʃɔɪs vɔɪs pɔɪnt

  20. English vowels: /ɔɪ/ • Typical spellings: coin joint android kɔɪn dʒɔɪnt 'ændrɔɪd

  21. English vowels: /ɔɪ/ • Typical spellings: boyoyster toy bɔɪ 'ɔɪstə tɔɪ

  22. • j ɪ • • ɔ • ɔ English vowels: /ɔɪ/

  23. English vowels: /aʊ/ • Typical spellings: MOUTHout count maʊθ aʊt kaʊnt

  24. English vowels: /aʊ/ • Typical spellings: allow cow now ə'laʊ kaʊ naʊ

  25. English vowels: /aʊ/ • Typical spellings: row (‘quarrel’) owl raʊ aʊl

  26. • w ʊ • a • English vowels: /aʊ/

  27. English vowels: /əʊ, oʊ/ • Typical spellings: GOAT road soap gəʊt rəʊd səʊp

  28. English vowels: /əʊ, oʊ/ • Typical spellings: both folk roll role boʊθ foʊk roʊl roʊl

  29. English vowels: /əʊ, oʊ/ • Typical spellings: soold hold home səʊ əʊld həʊld həʊm

  30. English vowels: /əʊ, oʊ/ • Typical spellings: toe doe foe toʊ doʊ foʊ

  31. English vowels: /əʊ, oʊ/ • Typical spellings: know low blow row (‘use oars’; ‘line’) nəʊ ləʊ bləʊ rəʊ

  32. English vowels: /əʊ, oʊ/ • Important: don’t won’t dəʊnt woʊnt

  33. ʊ • • o Am • ə Br English vowels: /əʊ, oʊ/

  34. English vowels: /əʊ, oʊ/ • Used in the same words • Only phonetic quality different • In BrEng, first element is • central • not rounded

  35. English vowels: /ɪə, eə, ʊə/ • In non-rhotic varieties only • E.g. standard BrEng • Rhotic varieties haveɪr, er, ʊr

  36. English vowels: /ɪə/ • Typical spellings: NEAR fear tear beard (‘drop of liquid’) nɪə fɪə tɪə bɪəd

  37. English vowels: /ɪə/ • Typical spellings: deer beer steer career dɪə bɪə stɪə kə'rɪə

  38. English vowels: /ɪə/ • Less typical spellings: Weir weird fierce wɪə wɪəd fɪəs

  39. English vowels: /ɪə/ • Sometimes without <r> idea aɪ'dɪə

  40. English vowels: /eə/ • Typical spellings: SQUARE care aware skweə keə ə'weə

  41. English vowels: /eə/ • Typical spellings: air fair chair eə feə tʃeə

  42. English vowels: /eə/ • Typical spellings: bear pear wear tear (‘rip’) beə peə weə teə

  43. English vowels: /eə/ • Less typical spellings: where there they’re their weə ðeə ðeə ðeə

  44. English vowels: /eə/ • These days in BrEng • Usually a monophthong • Alternative symbole.g. Collins & Mees 2003, Upton et al. 2001 /ɛ:/

  45. Some niceties  Where were you? Brweə wɜ: ju Amwer wɝ: ju

  46. Some niceties  where were wear weir weə wɜ: weə wɪə

  47. Some niceties  fair – fur – fare – fir – fear fair, fare fer fir, fur fɝ: fear fɪr

  48. Some niceties  stair – stir – stare – steer stair, stare ster stir stɝ: steer stɪr

  49. Some niceties  bear – bare – beer – burr bear, bare beə beer bɪə burr bɜ:

  50. Some niceties  beard – bird Brbɪəd bɜ:d Ambɪrd bɝ:d

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