E3 237 Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communication

1. E3 237 Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communication Lecture 1: Introduction Gaurab Banerjee Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore banerjee@ece.iisc.ernet.in

2. Administrative Matters • Course Web Page: • http://www.ece.iisc.ernet.in/~banerjee/course_E3237/index.htm • Class Timings: • Tuesdays/Thursdays,1530-1700 IST, Room 1.08 , ECE Bldg. • Please be on Time! • Office hours: • To be determined after week 2 of classes, Currently by Appointment • Class Mailing List: • Please send me an email with E3 237 in the subject line (follow this convention for all course related emails) to get added to the class mailing list for announcements.

3. Administrative Matters • Grading and Course Structure: • 3 lecture-hours per week • 2 homework assignments (10% of course grade) • Midterm (25% of course grade) • Project (5% on novelty, 15% on final report, 10% on group presentation) • Final Examination (35% of course grade) • TAs: TBA • Text: • No textbook: Please take notes in class, or make backup arrangements. • Recommended references: • 1) RF Microelectronics by B. Razavi (Pearson) • 2) The Design Of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits by T. Lee • (Cambridge University Press) • Tentative Calendar: On Class Website.

4. Course Contents • System Level Concepts: • Noise and Linearity. Concepts such as noise figure, 2-port noise parameters, IIP3. Cascaded noise figure and IIP3. The modeling of an RF system using these concepts. Receiver and Transmitter Architectures. • Circuit Design: • RLC Networks, • Low Noise Amplifiers & Mixers • Voltage Controlled Oscillators • Phase Locked Loops and Synthesizers • Power Amplifiers • Case Studies: • Cellular Transceiver • Wireless LAN transceiver • Millimeter wave transceiver

5. Connection to other courses E3 238: Analog VLSI Systems E8 242: RF ICs and Systems E3 284: Digital VLSI Circuits E3 237:ICs for Wireless Commn. E3 yyy: ICs for Wireline Commn. E3 zzz: ICs for Data Conversion • Prerequisite: If you wish to take this course for credit and have not taken E3 238, you need to take my permission. • It is recommended that students take the Digital VLSI Circuits course (Prof. Amrutur) and the RF Systems Course (Prof. Vinoy) before signing up for this course.

6. Frequencies and Applications 0.35 um 0.25 um 0.18 um 0.13 um 90/65/45 nm Commercial CMOS Products VHF/UHF Broadcasting 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz Bluetooth GSM/CDMA 850 60 GHz 802.15.3.3c 802.11a WLAN GPS 77 GHz Radar 24 GHz Radar GSM/CDMA 1900 UWB Sub-THz imaging • Many commercial applications span the 1-10 GHz frequency range. • Higher f T s are pushing CMOS radios to higher frequencies, traditionally the domain of SiGe or III-V semiconductors • Many interesting research problems, plenty of employment !!!

7. An informal look at wireless

8. An iPod-nano Teardown.... http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20081016/159685/

9. ..reveals many chips inside...

10. ... including a Wireless LAN chip by Broadcom...

11. A more scientific look

12. A Broadcom 2.4 GHz WLAN Transceiver S. Khorram et. al., “A Fully Integrated SOC for 802.11b in 0.18-m CMOS”, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, Dec. 2005. (Broadcom Paper) • Architecture: zero-IF with on-chip LPF for channel selection. Super-heterodyne/low-IF architecture not chosen due to filter constraints. • Gain = 88 dB, BW = 8 MHz, Noise Figure = 4.8-5.8 dB, excluding T/R switch • Integrated PA, T/R switch, RF Baluns and Baseband MAC

13. The Receiver Active Gilbert mixer 5th order Active RC LPF LNA with on-chip balun Wideband RSSI for blocker estimation Narrowband RSSI for gain selection 8-b pipelined ADC

14. The Transmitter Current steering DAC for TX I/Q input SSB mixers for up-conversion Filtering of Data Converter image frequency Class AB stage with balun for SE 50-Ohm output

15. The Local Oscillator Crystal oscillator for Reference generation Integer-N frequency synthesis

16. Receiver Front-end Programmable baseband Amplifiers LNA – Dominates RX Noise Figure 5th order Active RC LPF – 8 MHz BW Received Signal Strength Indicators 6-7 dB Noise Figure with T/R switch included 88 dB RX gain with 8 MHz BW

17. Transmitter Front-end Out of Band Power due to Harmonics and Spurs in LO I/Q mismatch causes EVM increase Max. TX output power = 13 dBm 1-dB compression point

18. LO Generation and Distribution 1.6 GHz VCO used to generate 2.4 GHz output – avoids LO Pulling 1 MHz channel spacing Integer-N frequency synthesis 1.6 GHz divided to 800 MHz and mixed with itself – provides 2.4 GHz. Spurs at 800 MHz and 4 GHz Tuned buffers needed in LO distribution

19. Low Noise Amplifier Tuned output loads Source degeneration for input match Cascode input stage for gain, isolation, high frequency performance SE/Differential Conversion: Attenuation causes NF increase

20. Power Amplifier Measure signal strength and adjust pre-amp gain Transformer coupled, tuned output stage Pseudo-differential cascodes Gate-biasing for optimum linearity

21. Key Transceiver Data: Receiver IIP3 = -15 dBm for low gain, 6 dBm for high gain Fix PER at 8% for different data rates • RX sensitivity = -88 dBm for 11 Mbps, -93 dBm for 2 Mbps • Noise figure can be deduced from these sensitivity values • Noise Figure dominates performance at the lower end of the dynamic range • Nonlinearities and non-ideal LO behavior dominates the higher end of the dynamic range

22. Key Transceiver Data: Transmitter EVM Margin Spectral Mask Compliance

23. What it Looks Like: The die-shot

24. Performance Summary

25. Next Class: RLC Networks