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SOUTH ASIA II. (CHAPTER 8: 387-417). KEY CONCEPTS APPLICABLE TO THE REALM. CENTRIPETAL - CENTRIFUGAL FORCES FORWARD CAPITAL ISLAMABAD IRREDENTISM PATHANS (OR PASHTUNS) OF PAKISTAN RELATED TO PEOPLES OF CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN FEDERAL SYSTEM ADOPTED BY INDIA IN 1947
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SOUTH ASIA II (CHAPTER 8: 387-417)
KEY CONCEPTS APPLICABLE TO THE REALM • CENTRIPETAL - CENTRIFUGAL FORCES • FORWARD CAPITAL • ISLAMABAD • IRREDENTISM • PATHANS (OR PASHTUNS) OF PAKISTAN RELATED TO PEOPLES OF CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN • FEDERAL SYSTEM • ADOPTED BY INDIA IN 1947 • PROVIDES REGIONS AND PEOPLES WITH SOME AUTONOMY AND IDENTITY
PAKISTAN (AT PARTITION) India WestPakistan EastPakistan
P A K I S T A N
PAKISTAN • ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN • POPULATION OF 149.6 MILLION • 80% SUNNI MUSLIMS; 16% SHIA MINORITY • SUBREGIONS: • PUNJAB • SIND • BALUCHISTAN • NORTH WEST FRONTIER
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(PAKISTAN) • 33% URBANIZED • LOW INCOME ECONOMY • ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION BEGAN IN 1990 TO BOOST FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC PRIVATE INVESTMENT. • COTTON-BASED TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND RICE • SUPPORTS A LARGE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT (EMERGING REGIONAL POWER)
KASHMIR • INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION • JAMMU & KASHMIR FACED WITH THE CHOICE OF JOINING EITHER HINDU INDIA OR MUSLIM PAKISTAN • KASHMIR – HINDU MAHARAJA BUT MUSLIM POPULATION • 1947 – PAKISTANI TRIBESMEN INVADE • MAHARAJA FLEES TO DELHI AND ACCEDES TO INDIA • INDIAN TROOPS DEPLOY – PAKISTANI REGULARS JOIN IN THE FIGHT • JANUARY 1949 – U.N. CEASE FIRE • 1980-88 MUSLIM EXTREMISTS CONTINUE INSURGENCY
INDIA • ENCOMPASSES 3/4s OF SOUTH ASIA’S TOTAL AREA • A FEDERATION OF 28 STATES, 6 UTs, AND 1 NCT • POPULATION OF 1.086 BILLION PEOPLE • 28% URBANIZED • 14 MAJOR AND NUMEROUS MINOR LANGUAGES (LINGUA FRANCA?) • CENTRIPETAL VS CENTRIFUGAL FORCES?
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(INDIA) • GDP OF $450 PER PERSON • 38% LIVE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE • A MIXTURE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE FARMING AND MODERN AGRICULTURE • HANDICRAFTS, OLD AND NEW BRANCHES OF INDUSTRY • MULTITUDE OF SUPPORT SERVICES AND NUCLEAR POWER • CLOTHING INDUSTRY
E. J. PALKA E. J. PALKA E. J. PALKA
GREEN REVOLUTION • THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER YIELD, FAST-GROWING VARIETIES OF RICE AND OTHER CEREALS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES • INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM-1960s • FOCUSED ON THE FOOD CRISES • INCREASED PRODUCTION PER UNIT AREA VIA: • MIRACLE CROPS • NEW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS • INTENSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS
INDIA’S GREAT CITIES • MUMBAI(BOMBAY)- 18.3 MILLION • ACHIEVED “PRIMACY” BASED ON ITS SITUATION (SUEZ CANAL) • KOLKATA (CALCUTTA)- 14.3 MILLION • 500,000 HOMELESS • FORMER BRITISH COLONIAL CAPITAL- 1772 • ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY PARTITION • DELHI (NEW AND OLD)- 15.3 MILLION • BRITISH AND INDIAN SEAT OF GOVERNMENT
DELHI MUMBAI KOLKATA
BANGLADESH • INDEPENDENT SINCE 1971 • FORMERLY EAST PAKISTAN • 85% MUSLIM, 12% HINDU • 139.5 MILLION PEOPLE • PHYSIOLOGIC DENSITY = 3,800/sq mi • 2.2% ANNUAL GROWTH RATE • PER CAPITA GNP = 350 US DOLLARS • NATURAL HAZARDS - CYCLONES
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(BANGLADESH) • LOW LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT (TECHNOLOGY) • ONE OF THE WORLD’S POOREST AND LEAST DEVELOPED STATES • ECONOMY IS OVERWHELMINGLY AGRICULTURAL • CULTIVATION OF RICE IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITY IN THE ECONOMY.
THE SOUTHERN ISLANDS • MALDIVES • >1,000 ISLANDS • <115 SQ MI / 300 SQ KMS • POPULATION OF 300,000 • DRAVIDIAN AND SRI LANKA SOURCES • OVERWHELMINGLY MUSLIM • HIGHEST GNP IN THE REALM • SRI LANKA • FORMERLY CEYLON • INDEPENDENT SINCE 1948
SRI LANKA • 19.7 MILLION PEOPLE (70% BUDDHISTS) • PLANTATION AGRICULTURE: • TEA, RUBBER, COCONUTS • SOUTH (MAJORITY OF POPULATION) • ARYAN • BUDDHISTS • SPEAK SINHALA (INDO-EUROPEAN) • NORTH (18% OF THE POPULATION) • DRAVIDIAN • HINDU • TAMIL LANGUAGE
E. J. PALKA E. J. PALKA E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA E. J. PALKA
SRI LANKA • SINHALESE vs TAMILS • TAMILS DEMANDED EQUAL RIGHTS: -- EDUCATION -- EMPLOYMENT -- LAND OWNERSHIP -- LANGUAGE AND POLITICS • INSURGENT STATE • LTTE – LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL EELAM
SOUTH ASIA II (CHAPTER 8: 387-477)