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Immune System

Immune System. By: Alyssa McElhinney. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kskFjm1pKEs. Pathogens; http://topnews.in/now-more-effective-nisin-antibiotics-fight-foodborne-superbugs-pathogens-2145733. Definitions. Immune System: defenses to fight pathogens.

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Immune System

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  1. Immune System By: Alyssa McElhinney http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kskFjm1pKEs

  2. Pathogens; http://topnews.in/now-more-effective-nisin-antibiotics-fight-foodborne-superbugs-pathogens-2145733 Definitions • Immune System: defenses to fight pathogens. • Pathogens: organisms that cause diseases; germs • Infectious Diseases: substances that infect people. Infectious Disease: seminar; http://www.youcanchangetheworldnow.com/seminars-infectious_diseases.html

  3. First Line of Defense Second Line of Defense • Your skin-the lining of all body systems, the acid inside your stomach (called gastric juice), the mucus and cilia inside your nose are all parts of the first line of defense. • Your skin is oily, which makes it slightly acidic. This prevents pathogens from growing inside your body. • Gastric juice can destroy pathogens, and mucus and cilia prevent pathogens from moving inside your respiratory system. • Your body can recognize which cells are bad (pathogens) and which are good, the cells that help your body. • There are two parts of the second line of defense, the innate immune defense-which all animals can mount, and the acquired immune defense- which only vertebrates can mount. Defenses http://kaitrosebd-stock.deviantart.com/art/Kat-Stock-90-Arm-2-8086981

  4. Definitions • Phagocytes: white blood cells. • Antigen: a particular pathogen that is not recognized. • B cells/T cells: white blood cells. • Antibodies: can attach to and destroy antigens. http://circsystemsunsig09r3a.wikispaces.com/(b)+The+Human+Defence+System?showComments=1 http://deliciousdeliciousdelicious.blogspot.ca/2011/01/re-inventing-lamington-2011-day-eight.html

  5. Innate Immune Response Acquired Immune Response • Quick and general; its non-specific. • The first defense is a flow of fluid, dissolved substances from the blood, and cells. This causes fever and inflammation (swelling and redness) • The increase of phagocytes fight the infection and swallow the un-invited cells. • Highly specific attack on antigens: • The B cells recognize antigens. • Produce antibodies. • An antigen is inside the body: • White blood cell recognizes the bad cell, summons T cell. • Active Immunity: • Your body recognizes the invading pathogens and the antigens used to defeat it before. Second Line of Defense http://www.drfranklipman.com/faq%E2%80%99s-on-inflammation-part-3/

  6. http://sites.usd.edu/cell-ebration/ Killer T cells Helper T cells • Can work independently and directly destroy antigens. • Recognizes the antigen, and activates B cells. • B cells produce antibodies. The Four Steps • The First Step: Recognition- white blood cell surrounds pathogen and signals T cells. More T cells are produced. Helper T cells signal B cells. • The Second Step: Mobilization- B cells produce antibodies. • The Third Step: Disposal- Antibodies destroy pathogens. • The Fourth Step: Immunity- Some antibodies remain for future use. T cells

  7. http://shakehandwithlife.blogspot.ca/2010/11/aids-striking-on-backbone-of-nation.htmlhttp://shakehandwithlife.blogspot.ca/2010/11/aids-striking-on-backbone-of-nation.html AIDS • AIDS is an infection that leads to health problems and sometimes death. • It’s caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). • The Death Toll: more than 11 million people worldwide. • The Current Effect Rate: more than 40 million people. • The Cure: not known. • How long to live: about 4-10 years. Men tend to live longer when infected.

  8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS HIV • HIV is a strong pathogen that attacks the immune system and can destroy it using helper T cells. • When other pathogens or antigens enter the body, if HIV is present, the immune system can not activate killer T or B cells. • It’s transmitted through semen or blood, but you cannot be infected through casual contact.

  9. Definitions http://discovermagazine.com/2009/jun/06-why-does-vaccine-autism-controversy-live-on/#.Ut2XuRDn_IU • Vaccine: a special version of an antigen that gives immunity against a disease. • Allergy: an unusually high sensitivity to some substance. • Allergen: any substance that can cause an allergic reaction. • Histamine: a chemical your body releases when you are injured or need to fight allergens. • Anaphylactic Shock: exposure to allergens; can result in swelling, breathing difficulty, sometimes death. http://www.evolve-trainingsolutions.co.uk/wordpress/health-safety-courses/epi-pen-anaphylaxis-courses/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen

  10. Bibliography McGraw-Hill Ryerson. BC Science 8 Whitby, ON: McGraw-Hill Ryerson 2006

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