American Imperialism: Monroe Doctrine to Panama Canal

1. American Imperialism

2. Monroe Doctrine– a policy issued by President Monroe in 1823 that forbade European intervention in the Americas Panama Canal– a passage through Panama connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans that greatly increased trade Terms

4. Mexico General _________________________ gained and lost power several times between 1833 and 1855. Antonio López de Santa Anna American settlers in Texas fought Santa Anna’s forces in 1835 and won their independence.

5. After the United States annexed Texas, the Mexican-American War broke out in 1845. As a result of the war, Mexico lost more territory to the United States.

6. American plantation owners overthrew the Hawaiian queen ______________ in 1893 They asked the United States to annex Hawaii. Hawaii was annexed by the U.S in 1898 Liliuokalani

7. In 1898 the United States went to war with Spain. The Spanish-American War was fought both in Cuba and the Philippines.

8. Cuba • Cuban patriots battled for independence from Spain • In 1898, the U.S. Joined the cause and declared war on Spain in 1898. • After a victory for the U.S. Cuba was granted independence but… • 1901 the U.S. forced the Cubans to sing the Platt Amendment to their constitution making Cuba a U.S. Protectorate The amendment gave the U.S. naval bases in Cuba and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.

9. The _________________ broke out in 1898. Spain had controlled the Philippines since the 1500s. Spanish-American War American warships quickly destroyed the Spanish fleet docked in Manila Bay.

10. Instead, America took control of the Philippines. People in the United States argued over whether having an empire was a good idea. Nevertheless, United States forces crushed a Filipino rebellion lead by Emilio Aguinaldo and remained in control, promising a gradual transition to self-rule. When the United States won the war, Filipinos expected to regain their independence. Philippine American War

11. As Amercian investments in Central America grew American troops were sent to the region to protect those interests Central America

13. The Cycle of Economic Dependence in Latin America Free trade did little to end the Latin American cycle of economic dependence.

14. Panama, a province of Columbia, was a preferred site to build a canal Columbia refused to sell the Canal zone to the U.S. In 1903,the United States backed a revolt in Panama for independence from Columbia Panama won independence and gave the U.S. control of the canal zone. Panama

15. U.S. began Construction in 1903 and the Panama Canal opened in 1914. • Panama did not gain complete control of the canal until 2000

16. The United States began to cast its large shadow over Latin America in the 1800s. • In 1823, President Monroe issued the _______________ which stated that Europe could no longer colonize the Americas. • President concerned that Spain plotted to recover its American colonies • The US enforced the doctrine with the help of the British navy Monroe Doctrine

17. “The American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” • --Monroe Doctrine 1823 A Corollary is an “add on” • Theodore Roosevelt added that he United States would use its international police power in the Western Hemisphere in 1904. Roosevelt Corollary “Chronic wrongdoing.... in the Western Hemisphere…may force the United States, however reluctantly, to exercise of an international police power.” --Theodore Roosevelt, 1904

19. However, many Latin Americans saw it as another example of “Yankee imperialism”in the region. • Panama did not gain control of the canal until 2000. Completed in 1914, the canal greatly boosted worldwide trade.