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American Imperialism. CB 20 th Century US History. US Desires Expansion. Imperialism- Exerting Political, Military, or economic control over another territory. Three Reasons for US Global Expansion
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American Imperialism CB 20th Century US History
US Desires Expansion • Imperialism- Exerting Political, Military, or economic control over another territory. • Three Reasons for US Global Expansion • Desire for military strength: Centered on Navy urged by Adm. Alfred T. Mahan. Built US into world 3rd largest Naval force. • Thirst for New Markets: trade would brink end to unemployment and economic problems caused by overproduction • Belief in Cultural Superiority
US Acquires Alaska and Hawaii • 1867 William Steward (Sec. State) arranged to buy Alaska from Russia for 7.2mil • Stewards Folly
US Acquires Alaska and Hawaii • Annexation of Hawaii • Center on sugar trade and tariffs • Need for a naval base (Pearl Harbor) • Queen Liliukalani opposed, establish voting rights. Queen overthrown by Ambass. Stevens and Marines, Sandford Dole-head of Govt • Pres Cleveland opposed tactics, but succeeded by McKinley. • Hawaii annexed 1898, without consent of Hawaiians.
Spanish American War-1898 • Cubans Rebel Against Spain • Cubans rebel against Spain throughout the 1850s-1870s, were not successful • Jose Marti, 1895, was a poet and journalist exiled in NYC, organized Cuban resistance. Killed later in year in fighting. • US Opinion on Cuba split • Spain appoints Gen. Valeriano Weyler to take control • Puts population in concentration camps.
Yellow Journalism • Battle between newspaper tycoons William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. • Began publishing exaggerated articles to win readers to their paper and to fuel war spirit. • Fake pictures and made up stories increased sympathy for cubans.
DeLome Letter and USS Maine • McKinley pursed diplomatic means and was partially successful- until NY Journal published a letter by DeLome, misiter of Spain to US. • Letter criticizes McKinley, angers Americans • April 9. 1898 USS Maine Explodes in Havana • No evidence but Spain Blamed, US declares war on April 20th • “REMEMBER THE MAINE!”
War Begins • War begins in Philippines- Comm. George Dewey opens fire on Spanish fleet, destroys all ships lands Marines. • War in Caribbean- Cuban Blockade • Rough Riders- elite volunteer horse cavalry led by Leonard Wood and Teddy Roosevelt • San Juan Hill, 2days later Spanish fleet destroyed • US Invades Puerto Rico
Treaty of Paris • Dec 10, 1898 Spain and US sign treaty • Spain frees Cuba, Gives US Guam and Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, US buys Philippines for $20mil. • Treaty and America’s new role as Imperial power hotly debated.