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DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH

ASSALAMU’ALAIKUM. DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH. Direct and Indirect Speech

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DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH

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  1. ASSALAMU’ALAIKUM DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH

  2. Direct and Indirect Speech When we change the direct speech into indirect sentences , there are some things that are changing them changes in sentence structure, tense , pronouns ( personal pronouns ) , description of time and place ( Adverbs of time and place ) . Before going further into sub - discussion above , it is good there is also understood what was meant Reporting Speech and Reported Speech .Reporting Speech is part of the sentence in direct speech is marked by quotation marks ( " ) and at the end by a quotation mark ( " ) .    He said , " I have a present for you in my bag . "    He asked me , " why do you come late ?. "While Reported Speech is part the beginning of a sentence direct speech . He said , " I have a present for you in my bag . "He asked me , " why do you come late ?. "

  3. 1 . Structure change of sentenceIf we look at the direct speech sentence , there are characteristics that are identical quotation marks ( " ) . Marks learned is a way that is often used to distinguish which are direct or indirect .When the changed climates of direct speech into indirect speech sentence , the quotation marks were removed or replaced with the word "that " or " to " ( for command line ) . for example :

  4. Sentence structure changes also occur if the direct speech using interrogative sentence , it will be converted into an affirmative sentence ( news ) .For the use of direct speech sentence interrogative sentence " yes -no question " it will be changed to if / Whether . For example :

  5. For direct speech sentences using 5W1H question ( Why , Who , What , When , Where , How ) , it will be converted into an affirmative sentence in the following way :

  6. 2 . Tense changes ( tenses )As explained upfront , the changed from direct to indirect also affects the tense used . Most students difficult to understand change this one . Below is a table of tenses change direct speech into indirect speech .

  7. Or it could be made easier with the following table below, namely :

  8. 3. Pronoun changesAnd possessive pronouns change depending on subjects and objects used in direct speech ( sentences directly ) that would affect the change pronouns in indirect speech ( sentences not directly ) .*First person pronouns ( I and We ) on speech reporting ( see explanation in the beginning ) change according to the subject that is in reproted speech .

  9. * The second person pronoun ( You) in reporting speech in direct speech changes according to object to reported speech .

  10. *Third person pronoun ( He, she , it and they ) in direct speech did not change when changed into indirect speech .

  11. Not only that , the changes from direct speech to indirect speech also affects especially adverbs adverb of time ( time information ) and adverb of place ( description of place ) . For that you must understand the table below .

  12. Below are examples of direct and indirect speech to increase the understanding of the above explanation .

  13. I. STATEMENTIn the Indirect Statement we use that word ( that ) as a liaison between the introductory sentence ( introduce phrases ) and words that reported (reported words ) . Introductory sentences in indirect statement is :Example : a. My sister said to me " I do not like tennis "⬄My sister said to me that she did not like tennis .b. Father said " I am going out of town tomorrow "⬄Father said that he was going out of town the following day .If the introductory sentence in the form of the Simple Present Tense , the sentence which reported no change .Example :a. John says "I will go to London tomorrow "⬄John says that he will go to London tomorrowb. Mary says " I have seen that movie "⬄Mary says that she has seen that movie

  14. II . COMMANDCommand was divided into two (2 ) parts:1 . positive CommandIn the command we add to positive in front of the command line , as a liaison between the introductory sentence and orders were reported . Introductory sentences in this type are :Example:a. He asked me " Open your book "⬄He asked me to open my book .b. The teacher said to the students " Be quiet while I am talking "⬄The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking . to + Infinitive

  15. 2 . Negative CommandIn negative commands us not to add the commands were reported.Example :a. Mary told John " Do not wait for me"⬄Mary told John not to wait for her .b. Ira asked Tom " Do not come to my house again"⬄Ira asked tom not to come to her house again .c. Mothers asked John " Do not smoke too much"⬄Mother asked John not to smoke too much . Not to + Infinitive

  16. III . QUESTIONWhen the question directly (direct question) use question words such as Where , When , Why , What , Who , How , etc. , then the words are used as intermediaries in reported Speech .Example :a. The man asked me : " Where do you live ? "⬄The man asked me where I lived .b. John asked Mary : " Why do you get angry with me ? "⬄John asked Mary why she got angry with him .c. I asked him : " When did you get back from your trip ? "⬄I asked him when he had got back from his trip .

  17. When the question was not directly asked to use words , and only the question in the form of " Yes and No Question " , then we use the words if , Whether as a relation between the introductory sentences and questions were reported .Example :a. The boy asked John : " Does Mary live near here ? "⬄The boy asked John if Mary lived near there .b. The teacher asked her : " Have you finished your homework ? "⬄The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework .c. We asked them : " Will you go to the movies with us tonight ? "⬄We asked them Whether they would go to the movie with us that night .

  18. Reported SPEECH / MIXED TYPE ( Combined Type )If the questions and statements are incorporated into Reported Speech then we use the word as ( because ) as a connector on the sentence statement reported . In this case the sentence statement reported later .Example:a. She asked me : " What is the time ? " , my watch has stopped .⬄She asked me what the time was as her watch had stopped .b. Ira asked John : " what is the matter with you ? " You do not look well .⬄Ira asked John what the matter was with him as he did not look well .c.Iasked her : " How long have you been studying English ? " Your accent is very good .⬄I asked her how long she had been studying her English accent as he was very good .

  19. When the direct question along with the answer Yes and No , then we use the word but as relation to answer No and words and as a relation to answer Yes . Example :a. He asked me : " Will you go out with me ? " No , I will not .⬄He asked me if I would go out with him but I said I would not .b. Mother asked John : " Have you had lunch ? " No , I have not .⬄Mother asked John if he had had lunch but he said he had not .c. I asked her : " Do you like vegetables ? " Yes , I do .⬄I asked her if she liked vegetables and she said she did .d. Mary asked John : " Did you phone me last night ? " Yes , I did .⬄Mary asked John if he had phoned her the night before and he said he had .

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