Matter-Properties and Changes

1. Matter-Properties and Changes We will return to Chapter 2 after Chapter 3! Don’t worry!!

2. What you’ll learn • You will distinguish between physical and chemical properties • You will classify matter by composition. • You will explain the fundamental law of the conservation of mass

3. Pretest • How many states of matter exist? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • What are the states of matter? • Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma • Solid and Liquid • Liquid, Gas, and Plasma • Solid, Liquid, and Gas

4. Pretest • There is no different between physical and chemical properties of matter? • True • False • Melting is a physical change. • True • False • Rust is a chemical change. • True • False

5. Pure Substance • Substance- matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition • Pure Substance- contain only one type of matter. Only • Examples: Table Salt, water, sugar

6. Is every sample of matter a substance? ništa tidak nyet NO! ουδείσ nein non Nah žádný dame nee ِ أحد, ما من احد

7. Is air a substance? • Get with a partner and discuss if air is a substance. • Here are some ideas to help you along: • Composition of air: Nitrogen 78.1%, Oxygen 20.9%, Argon 0.9%, Carbon Dioxide 0.03%, Other Gases 0.07% • Each sample of air has a certain amount of water vapor and pollutants. • Let’s take a vote!!

8. Physical Properties of Matter • A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition • Examples: Density, Color, Odor, Taste, Hardness, Melting Point, Boiling Point • Panning for gold-uses physical properties

9. Extensive and Intensive categories for Physical Properties of Matter • Extensive Properties are dependent upon the amount of substance present • Example: Mass, Length, Volume • Intensive Properties are independent of the amount of substance present • Example: Density, Color

10. Chemical Properties of Matter • Chemical property -the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances • Example: The ability of iron to form rust when combined with oxygen

11. States of Matter • Physical Properties of matter also include the STATE! • Four States: • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

12. SOLID • Particles are tightly packed together in a rigid arrangement • Has a definite shape and volume, it cannot be compressed. • When heated, a solid expands • What are some examples? • Examples: Wood, Iron, Paper, Sugar

13. LIQUID • Particles touch each other but have more freedom of movement than those in an solid • Take the shape of the container holding it • Is matter that flows • Liquid’s volume is constant • Liquid’s tend to expand when heated • What are examples of liquids? • Examples: Water, Soda, Juice

14. GAS • Particles are relatively far apart • Are free to move anywhere inside their container • Have indefinite shape and indefinite volume • A form of matter that takes the shape and the volume of its container • What are some examples of gases? • Examples: Steam, Methane, Chlorine gas H2O(g) Steam

15. PLASMAS • Matter that has been heated to very high temperatures • Resulting in an ionized gas with equal numbers of positive and negative charges

16. Some Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases Property Solid Liquid Gas Shape Has definite shape Takes the shape of Takes the shape the container of its container Volume Has a definite volume Has a definite volume Fills the volume of the container Arrangement of Fixed, very close Random, close Random, far apart Particles Interactions between Very strong Strong Essentially none particles

17. Solid, Liquid, Gas, or Plasma???

18. Physical Changes in Matter • Physical Change • A change in matter which occurs without changing the chemical composition • Cutting, grinding, bending, boiling, melting, dissolving, condensing usually signify a physical change

19. Physical Change Examples • A change in temperature can also indicate a physical change H2O(s) ↔ H2O(l) ↔ H2O(g) 0°C 100°C

20. Chemical Changes in Matter • AKA Chemical Reaction • A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances Sodium Chloride (SALT) Chlorine Sodium

21. Conservation of Mass • Even though chemical change occurred, the total mass involved remained the same. • The law of conservation of mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed (it is conserved) Mass(reactants)=Mass(products) WOOD + OXYGEN  ASH + WATER VAPOR + CARBON DIOXIDE

22. Chemical or Physical Change Dead Leaves Decaying Rain Puddle Drying Up Wind Eroding Rocks Mixing Flour and Baking Powder Bread Baking in an Oven Gasoline Evaporating Milk Souring Gasoline Burning Instant tea dissolving in water

23. ANSWERS • wind eroding rocks – PHYSICAL CHANGE • dead leaves decaying – CHEMICAL CHANGE • rain puddle drying up – PHYSICAL CHANGE • mixing flour and baking powder- PHYSICAL CHANGE • gasoline evaporating – PHYSICAL CHANGE • bread baking in an oven – CHEMICAL CHANGE • instant tea dissolving in water – PHYSICAL CHANGE • milk souring – CHEMICAL CHANGE • gasoline burning- CHEMICAL CHANGE

24. HOMEWORK =) • Page 60 • #1-5 • Page 65 • # 10-12 • Study for Pre-lab Quiz for Colored Water Lab

25. For the Remainder of Class • Hand out Colored Water Lab • Physical and Chemical Change Worksheet! • Due end of class! (IF you do not finish-it is ADDITIONAL HW)!! =)