Matter Properties and Changes

1. Matter Properties and Changes

2. What is Matter?Objective:(5.P.2.3) Matter is anything that has mass and a volume (the amount of space it takes up). It is made up of atoms or molecules Matter has been broken down into three main parts. Solids, liquids, and gases.

3. SOLID A solid is matter that has that has definite size and shape. Example: Put a sneaker in a box. It stays the same.

4. STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS • Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. • Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

5. LIQUID A liquid takes the shape of any container. Example: Pour juice into a glass. The juice will take on the shape of the glass.

6. STATES OF MATTERLIQUID • Particles of liquids are close together, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. • Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

7. Gas Gas is matter that has no definite shape. Gases take the shape of whatever container they are in . Example: The air all around us is a gas.

8. STATES OF MATTERGAS • Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. • Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat

9. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

10. Another Matter Song • What is Matter, What is matter? • A solid, liquid, gas, A solid, liquid,gas. • It takes up space and has liquid too • Its everywhere that’s between me and you • Did you ever think such a thing could be true • That is matter, that is matter!!!

11. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, gas Solid, Liquid, gas,: Solid, liquid gas The three states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, All Day Long! The floor is a solid: you can jump up and down Jump up and down: Jump up and down The Floor is a solid, you can jump up and down, ALL day Long!!! Water is a liquid you can drink right down, Drink right down, drink right down, Water is a liquid you can drink right down, All Day Long!!! Air is a gas you breathe right in, Breathe right in, breathe right in Air is a gas you breathe right in All Day Long!!! Three States of Matter SongSung to the tune of :Wheel on the Bus”

12. Is this a solid, a liquid, or a gas?Can you find more than one type of matter in any of the pictures?

13. When scientist study matter, they study properties of matter. Properties of matter include such things as whether a kind of matter can sink or float, if electricity can flow through it, or if its magnetic. A physical property is something you can see or observe about matter without having changing the kind of matter it is. Changes in Matter

14. Physical Changes -Physical change is when something becomes different in size, shape, appearance, or state of matter. It is a change that can be undone, and it does not produce a new substance or it doesn’t change the Examples Ice melting to form water A piece of glass breaking Blowing up a balloon Shaping clay into different shapes

15. Chemical Changes Chemical change- is a change that turns one kind of matter into a different kind and it’s a change that cannot be undone!!! Examples • Decomposition • Photosynthesis • Rusting • Ripening • Cooking • Burning objects

16. When trying to decide if a change is chemical or physical, ask yourself… Was a new substance created? Can the change be undone? (For chemical, a new substance must be created and the change can’t be undone. They usually will produce one of the following: Gas, odor, color, sound)

17. Matter can Change • When Matter Changes it is either physical change or a chemical change.

18. GUESS IF IT’S A PHYSICAL CHANGESOR CHEMICAL CHANGE?

19. Is this a physical change or a chemical change?Can you find more than one physical or chemical change in the pictures?

20. What Happens When Matter is Heated or Cooled? • Temperature is used to measure how hot or cold matter is and it also tells how fast particles are moving. • When you heat matter, the particles move faster and farther apart. • When you cool matter, the particles slow down and move close together. • The temperature of matter makes it solid, liquid, or gas. • When matter is is heated or cooled, it changes state. • Melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation are all changes of matter.

21. Heating a Solid, Liquid, Gas • When you heat a liquid, particles move past each other, but they stay close together. When you heat a liquid, its particles spread far apart which changes the liquid to a gas. • At high temperatures like boiling, liquid evaporates fast. • When you take heat away from matter, it will change in state again because the particles will move slowly and close. As matter cools, gases turn to liquids or solids. • When you heat a solid, its particles move faster and faster until they break out of their places. • This change in state is melting and the solid becomes a liquid.

22. What Happens When Matter is Heated or Cooled? Melting solid liquid Condensation gas liquid Freezing liquid  solid Evaporation liquid  gas Boiling:Evaporation occurring beneath the liquid’s surface.

23. But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Everything turns into a solid at 0 degrees Celsius!!!! Will everything just be a gas?

24. What happens when we add heat • Heat is energy. • Therefore, if something is hot, it will move faster than something that is cold. Causing some things to expand. • REMEMBER*** • Fast Molecules = Heat • Slow Molecules = Cold

25. Questions for Heating or Cooling Matter • Write freezing, melting, evaporation, or condensation to identify how matter changes its state. 1. _______________ Water is removed from wet clothes by a dryer 2. _______________ An ice-cream cone starts to drip on a warm day. 3. ________________ Water turns to ice in a freezer. 4. ________________Little drops of dew form on the grass in the early morning. 5. ________________ Rain puddles dry up after the sun comes out. 6. _______________an ice-cold glass of water starts to sweat on the outside of the glass. 7.________________ brown sugar turns into a liquid when heated. 8. _______________ snow forms inside clouds when the temperature is very cold. 9. _______________ when a liquid turns to ice. 10._______________ when ice turns into liquid 11.________________when water vapor turns into liquid. 12. _______________ when liquid water slowly dries up and turns to water vapor. 13. ________________ is when liquid water is heated to a high temperature and quickly turns into water vapor.

26. 1. Which best explains why burning leaves is a chemical change? A. The leaves emit light during the change. B. The shape of the leaves changes. C. The temperature of the leaves increases D. The leaves turn to ashes.  Questions for changes in matter: (5.P.2.3)

27. 2. Which best explains why burning leaves is a chemical change? A. The leaves emit light during the change. B. The temperature of the leaves increases C. The shape of the leaves changes. D. The leaves turn to ashes.

28. 3. Tonya observes a mixture of two clear liquids in a container to see if a chemical change occurs. Which observation demonstrates the mixture is undergoing a chemical change? A gas forms after the liquids are mixed. B. The mixture remains at a constant temperature. C. One liquid floats on top of the other. D. The mixture does not change color.

29. 4. Which best describes a chemical change in paper? A. filing paper B. mailing paper C. burning paper D. cutting paper in half

30. 5. Which best explains why burning wood is a chemical change? A. The process occurs quickly. B. The process can be reversed. C. The process can be repeated. D. The process creates a new substance.

31. 6. What changes occur when an ice cube is heated to a temperature above 100°C? A. The ice cube will change from a liquid to a solid. B. The ice cube will change from a gas to a liquid. C. The ice cube will change from a solid to a liquid to a gas. D. The ice cube will change from a solid to a liquid and then back to a solid.

32. 7. What best explains the physical change of liquid water to ice? A. The liquid water was frozen. B. The liquid water was heated. C. The liquid water was melted. D. The liquid water was condensed.

33. 8. Kim put a bottle of juice into the freezer. A few hours later, Kim checked the bottle of juice and noticed there were pieces of ice in the juice. Which best describes what happened to her bottle of juice A. The juice changed from liquid to gas in the freezer. B. The juice had begun to change from liquid to solid in the freezer C. The juice changed from solid to gas in the freezer. D. The juice had begun to change from solid to liquid in the freezer

34. 9. Which is an example of a physical change? a. ice melting into water B. a nail rusting after being outside C. fire burning a sheet of paper D. a penny turning green when placed in chemicals Questions for changes in matter (5.P.2.3) :

35. The Laws of Conservation of Matter (Objective: 5.P.2.2.) • There is a law of science that applies to matter. • The Law of Conservation of Matter – is alaw says that matter cannot be created or destroyed by ordinary means but it can certainly be changed.

36. Look at your computer. It has many, many pieces. Pretend that you weigh your computer and find that it weights 10 pounds. • Now, pretend that you use a sledge hammer to destroy your computer. • CRASH! BANG! SMASH! • What happens? Computer pieces fly everywhere. • The keyboard buttons pop off, the computer screen shatters, wires poke out from the hard drive. You have certainly destroyed the computer. But, have you destroyed the matter that makes the computer? • Now, imagine now that you collect all the pieces of the destroyed computer and weigh them. What will the weight be? 10 pounds - exactly what it was before you destroyed the computer. • Though you destroyed the computer and changed the shapes and sizes of its parts, you did not destroy matter. • Matter can be neither created nor destroyed… Remember, it's the law!

37. Another example of The Law of Conservation of Matter 1. The mass of a piece of construction paper is 8 grams. The piece of construction paper is torn into 4 equal sections. When weighing the four equal sections together, what is the mass?

38. The Law of Conservation of Matter 2. Ashley creates a clay bowl that weighs 1.0 lb. Which is the weight of the clay used to create the bowl?

39. The Law of Conservation of Matter 3. Bob puts 200 grams of ice into a pitcher with 900 grams of water. He gets distracted and comes back later and finds that the ice has melted in the water. • How many grams of water does Bob now have in the pitcher? • Sometimes you need to add both objects together!!!

40. The Law of Conservation of Matter 4. A teacher adds 2grams of oil to 25grams of vinegar in a tightly sealed jar. • The oil and vinegar react, and bubbles form. • What is the total mass of the jar’s contents after the reaction takes place?

41. 5. The table lists the amounts of the ingredients Stephanie used to make ice cream. What will be the weight of the ice cream after being frozen?  a. 210 b. 250 c. 290 d. 300

42. 6. Karen is making soup. She adds .5 kilograms of carrots, .25 kilograms of onion, and .5 kilograms of potato to 1 kilogram of water. Which will most likely be the mass of Karen’s soup? • a. 1.75 kilograms • b. 2 kilograms • c. 3 kilograms • d. 2.25 kilograms

43. 7. Mrs. Champion’s class performed an experiment in which they combined 10 ounces of lemon juice with 15 ounces of vinegar to create a new cleaning solution. The experiment was conducted in a sealed spray bottle weighing 5 ounces. The students weighed the bottle with the solution immediately following the experiment. What did the students most likely discover about the weight of the solution and the bottle? • a. It weighed 25 ounces because the solutions mixed and dissolved the bottle • b. It weighed 10 ounces because some of the solution dissolved when it was combined • c. It weighed 60 ounces because the solutions doubled in quantity when mixed together. • d. It weighed 30 ounces because the solutions mixed and everything was contained inside the closed bottles

44. 8. A student flattens a ball of clay he is given and shapes it to resemble a boat. Which best describes the masses of the clay ball and the clay boat? • a. The mass of the clay ball is more than the mass of the clay boat • b. The mass of the clay boat is more than the mass of the clay ball • c. The masses of the clay ball and the clay boat are the same • d. The clay ball has mass, but the clay boat does not

45. 9. Lucas is boiling 200 g of salt water in an open pot on the stove. Which is a possible weight of the contents of the pot after 10 minutes of boiling? • a. 150 g because some water evaporates into the air surrounding the pot and decreases the total mass • b. 25 g because the salt dissolves in the hot water and has no mass • c. 200 g because none of the salt or water is lost during the interaction and mass is conserved • d. 250 g because some of the water evaporates into the air surrounding the pot, but the salt becomes a solid and adds mass

46. 10. Container X contains some water, while container Y is empty. If all of the water in container X is poured into container Y, which property of the water will change? A. color B. weight C. shape D. state

47. Energy: Conservation and Transfer 5.P.3

48. There are three ways heat transfers in our environment. • Convection • Conduction • Radiation

49. Conduction • Conduction is the transfer of heat through solids (matter). Heat travels through solid as moving molecules bump into one another and pass the heat along to another object. • For example, a spoon in a cup of hot soup becomes warmer because the heat from the soup is conducted along the spoon. Conduction is most effective in solids-but it can happen in fluids. • Fun fact: Have you ever noticed that metals tend to feel cold? Believe it or not, they are not colder! They only feel colder because they conduct heat away from your hand. You perceive the heat that is leaving your hand as cold.

50. Conduction