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WATER and SANITATION

WATER and SANITATION. WATER and SANITATION. Today, more than one billion people lack access to safe water and over three billion, half of humanity, do not have adequate sanitation facilities. WATER and SANITATION.

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WATER and SANITATION

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  1. WATER and SANITATION

  2. WATER and SANITATION Today, more than one billion people lack access to safe water and over three billion, half of humanity, do not have adequate sanitation facilities.

  3. WATER and SANITATION The number of people without adequate water and sanitation facilities could reach 5.5 billion in the next 20 years.

  4. WATER and SANITATION 30% of common recurrent diseases are WatSan related 4 million die annually (80% < 5yrs)

  5. WATER AS A HUMAN RIGHT “Water is fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a healthy life in human dignity. It is a pre-requisite to the realization of all other human rights.” UN Committee on Economic, Cultural and Social Rights 26.November 2002

  6. The Response • International Federation commitment (WatSan Policy, S2010, ARCHI) • International Federation GWSI (scaling-up) • UN Declaration – ‘access to safe water and sanitation, a human right’ • UN Commitment – CSD and MDG’s • 2nd UN Decade for Water 2005-15 All of the above to ‘increase sustainable WatSan coverage’

  7. International Federation Water and Sanitation Policy • This policy applies to all Water and Sanitation interventions carried out by National Societies and the International Federation. • Water and Sanitation is a Health initiative, clearly defined and seen as one of the most important aspects of preventive health. • Community Based Health Care cannot be considered without addressing the issue of Water and Sanitation coverage. • Water and Sanitation objectives being incorporated into developmental programmes as well as in emergency situations.

  8. GENDER Recognize the issue of gender and the need for a gender-balanced approach.

  9. HARDWARE and SOFTWARE Hygiene promotion (Software) must be established parallel to / before introducing hardware (pumpes, pipes).

  10. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Give due consideration to the use of appropriate local technologies for the sustainability of the work.

  11. WatSan Activities 1993-2006 2.5 Million People served by Developmental WatSan North-East Russia Secretariat Geneva Switzerland Slovakia Kazakhastan Hungary Bosnia-Herzegovina Croatia Uzbekistan Albania Azerbaijan North Korea Macedonia Turkey Tajikistan Syria Iran Afghanistan China Iraq Nepal Algeria Pakistan Jordan Bangladesh Cuba India Myanmar Haiti Belize Laos Dominican Rep Eritrea Guatemala Honduras Thailande Philippines Sudan Panama El Salvador Guinea Bissau Active in over 35 Countries Djibutia Cambodia Nicaragua Vietnam Venezuela Somalia Nigeria Costa Rica Liberia . Cote d'Ivoire Malaysia Ethiopia Sri Lanka Uganda Colombia D.R. Congo Kenya Rwanda Papua Indonesia New Guinea Tanzania Angola Comores Fiji East Timor Peru Malawi Zambia Mozambique Bolivia Zimbabwe Namibia Paraguay Madagascar Botswana Swaziland Lesotho Argentina 6.5 Million People served with Emergency WatSan

  12. Water and Sanitation in Emergencies ‘expanding and improving existing capacities to meet the needs of those affected by disaster’

  13. The needs in emergencies • In most disaster/emergency scenarios, high level of morbidity and mortality is related to lack of safe water and poor sanitation • Combined with other health threats (such as malnutrition, malaria etc.,) morbidity and mortality related to WatSan often increases • Rapid action required to avoid epidemic outbreaks (diarrhoeal diseases, cholera etc.,) • Disasters often impact upon the most vulnerable, where chronic lack of safe water and sanitation already exists • Need for acceptable standard of WatSan coverage to recover some quality of life for the victims of disasters

  14. IFRC Response • Recognising the needs, International Federation establishes WatSan capacity at the Geneva Secretariat as part of Health in Emergencies (1994) • International Federation in close collaboration with National Societies begins development of a standardised WatSan response mechanism, both equipment and human resources (Emergency Response Units, ERU’s, 1994-98) • International Federation engages with other disaster response players (ICRC, Oxfam. WHO, UNHCR etc.) to define common standards in each disaster response sector including WatSan (SPHERE standards 1995-8) • Deployments of emergency WatSan teams begin and increase in scale and impact (1995-present)

  15. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s) • 4 modules, can be deployed individually or jointly to provide safe water and sanitation for up to 40,000 beneficiaries or more • Each module consists of an equipment package which can be air freighted with an experienced team of technicians for rapid, ‘stand-alone’ deployment • Equipment and training of teams is standardised but constantly reviewed and improved • Coordination by the WatSan Unit in Geneva • Regular ERU working group meetings held to ensure standards are met and actual deployments are evaluated

  16. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

  17. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

  18. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

  19. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

  20. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

  21. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

  22. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

  23. Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

  24. Developmental Programmes • Community participation • National Water and Sanitation strategies • Integrated approach • Evolution from relief to development

  25. 1 out of Programmes • North Korea (DPRK) • WatSan started in 1999 • Programme 2002-2004 • 100 municipalities • 500.000 beneficiaries • Provide clean water, sanitation, hygiene education • 3 delegates • DPRK RC Wat-San department

  26. Global Water and Sanitation Initiative (GWSI) ‘Contributing to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by scaling-up established capacities’

  27. Key factors for GWSI • Community participation – National Society branches and volunteers • Low-tech, low-cost and sustainable • Integrated approach with other health interventions • Economy of scale – 20 USD/per beneficiary or less • Coordination/partnership with Governments • Provision of technical support/monitoring and evaluation • Global representation, policy and strategy

  28. Global WatSan Initiative (GWSI) ‘Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals by scaling-up established capacities’ MDG – Increased Coverage 9 Million People Phase 2 Target: 3.5 M People/15 countries 2009-2015 6.5 Million will be Served Phase1 Target: 1.5 M people/8 countries 2005-2008 2.5 Million are Served Developmental WatSan 1993-2005

  29. International Federation WatSan Beneficiaries 5 M Developmental 9 M Emergency 2.5 M Developmental 6.5 M Emergency Emergency WatSan : Projected increase in demand and delivery Developmental WatSan : Scaling-up with the GWSI

  30. WatSan Structure in International Federation Health and Care Department / Geneva • Uli Jaspers – WatSan Unit Manager • Robert Fraser – WatSan Senior Officer • Libertad Gonzalez – WatSan Officer • Wolfgang Stöckl – WatSan advisor • 4 Regional Delegations • Nairobi • Harare • Bangkok • Panama • 42 Delegates

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