TEM-4 语法复习专题从属分句 Subordinate Clause

TEM-4语法复习专题从属分句Subordinate Clause

从属分句Subordinate Clause • 状语从句 Adverbial Clause • 定语从句 Attributive Clause • 同位语从句 Appositive Clause • 宾语从句 Objective Clause • 主语从句 Subjective Clause • 表语从句 Predicative Clause

状语从句Adverbial Clause (of …) • 让步状语从句 (concession) • 条件状语从句 (condition) • 时间状语从句 (time) • 地点状语从句 (place) • 原因状语从句 (cause) • 结果状语从句 (result) • 程度状语从句 (degree) • 方式状语从句 (manner) • 目的状语从句 (purpose)

让步状语从句Adverbial Clause of Concession • 1）though, although, even if/though引导 • _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. • A) Although he is a socialist • B) Even if he is a socialist • C) Being a socialist • D) Since he is a socialist

2）as 引导 • Fool ___Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. • A. who B. as C. that D. like • 作表语用的单数可数名词放句首，前面不加冠词。 • Child as he is, he knows a lot. • 动词、现在分词放句首，谓语要补加助动词do/does, will 等。 • Fail as he did, he would never give up.

Try as you may, you will never succeed. • as 从句的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装；如果主语是名词时，可以倒装。 • Difficult as was the work, they finished it in time. • Difficult as it was, they finished it in time. • Young as he is, he is experienced.

3）while, whereas引导，表示并列的转折。 • ___I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. • A. As long as B. As • C. While D. Even

4）No matter how / however 引导 • No matter what = whatever • No matter where = ？ • ___he always tries his best to complete it on time. • A. However the task is hard • B. However hard the task is • C. Though hard the task is • D. Though hard is the task 

You can’t come in, whoever you are. • Don’t believe him, no matter what he says. • Whether…or… = • no matter whether…or… • I am going whether it is raining or not. • “I hope I can find a good woman, no matter whether (if) she is handicapped or not,” he said.

5) 其它引导短语：granted/granting that, admitting (that), in spite of /despite the fact that • Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn’t mean he’s going to do so. • He went out in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold.

条件状语从句Adverbial Clause of Condition • 引导词有：if, unless, provided/ providing (that), so/as long as, on condition that, suppose/ supposing (that), given that, in case that, in the event that. • This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated. • A. after B. if C. since D. unless

Supposing/ suppose he can’t come, who will do the work? • She will go providing/ provided her friends can go also. • In the event that our team wins, there will be a celebration. • In case it rains, do not expect me. • Take a raining coat with you in case it should rain.

时间状语从句Adverbial Clause of Time • 引导词有：when, whenever, after, as, while, since, before, until, as soon as, now that, once, directly等。 • ____ to sleep than the telephone rang once more. • A) Hardly he had gone • B) No sooner had he gone • C) Not until he went • D) Scarcely did he go • Hardly /Scarcely… when 和 No sooner… than

She comes to me whenever she feels lonely. • Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong. • Now (that) you mention it, I do remember. • Directly he was out of sight of her, he wanted to see her. • I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.

The minute/ moment/ day, the first/ second/last time, each/every/next time 都可引导时间状语从句。 • The day he returned home, his father was already dead.

地点状语从句Adverbial Clause of Place • where, wherever, anywhere 引导 • I’ll take you anywhere you like. • Where there is a will, there is a way. • Put in articles where necessary in the following passages.

原因状语从句Adverbial Clause of Cause • 引导词有：because, as, since, for, on the ground that, in that, now that • I came to see you on the ground that Mr. Anderson said that you were interested in our project. • This is not a good plant for your garden in that its seeds are poisonous. • Now that you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.

结果状语从句Adverbial Clause of Result • so that , such that, with the result that 引导 • I was in the bath, with the result that I didn’t hear the telephone. • His anger was such that he lost control of himself.

程度状语从句Adverbial Clause of Degree 引导词有： so that, such that, as/so far as, as long as, to the degree/ extent that, in so far as, etc. At that time politicians were not known to the degree they are today. I’ll help you in so far as I can.

方式状语从句Adverbial Clause of Manner • 引导词有：as, as if/though, the way, how • She did her work ___her manager had instructed. • A. as B. until C. when D. though • Do it the way you were taught. • Do it how you can. • He paused as if expecting her to speak.

比较状语从句也是一种方式状语从句。 • He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. • I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. • I can walk faster than you can run. • You are a little heavier than when I saw you last.

定语从句Attributive Clause • which, that, who/whom 用法区别 • 先行词是不定代词时（all, much, none, any, something, everything 等），只能用that 引导。 • That’s all (that) I can do. • 先行词是anyone, everyone, somebody等时，关系代词多用who 或 whom。 • Is there anyone here who can dance?

先行词被形容词最高级及first, last, only, very, no 等修饰时，关系代词用that。 • He is the only person that I dislike in our class. • 先行词包括人和物时，关系代词用that。 • A victim is a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, etc.

as 同such, the same, as (so)连用，引导限定性定语从句。 • Such people as wish to leave may do so now. • Where = in/ at/ on +which • This company has now introduced a policy ____ pay rises are related to performance at work. • A) which B) where • C) whether D) what

同位语从句Appositive Clause • 接同位语从句的词有：answer, belief, concept, decision, discovery, problem, promise, statement, probability 等。 • 同位语从句多由that 引导，疑问代词who, which, what 和疑问副词where, when, how, why 也可以。 • The news that he has won the game is exciting. • It is the question where we should have dinner.

宾语从句Objective Clause • 引导词有：that, what, which, where, how, why, whether, if, whatever, whichever, whoever。 • I’ll do whatever you want (me to). • “be+形容词” 后跟的从句 • afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, etc.

I am surprised ____ this city is a dull place to live in. • A) that you should think • B) by what you are thinking • C) that you would think • D) with what you were thinking

主语从句Subjective Clause • That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. • Whoever comes is welcome. • It’s said that he had made a mistake. • How strange it is that the children are so quiet!

表语从句Predicative Clause • 用在be动词或连系动词后(look, remain, sound等)。 • The question is how he did it. • The trouble is that I have lost his address. • He looked just as he had looked ten years before. • Twelve is to three___ four is to one. • A) what B) as C) that D) like

Practice • Above the trees are the hills, _____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. • A) where B) of whose • C) whose D) which • He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago. • A) which B) that C) who D) whom

Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the body. • A. what B. as C. that D. like • Barry had an advantage over his mother ___he could speak French. • A. since that B. in that • C. at that D. so that

It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. • A. but B. nor C. as D. like • He’s ___ as a “bellyacher” —— he’s always complaining about something. • A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known 

TEM-4 语法复习专题从属分句 Subordinate Clause