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Subarctic and Forest Aboriginals

Subarctic and Forest Aboriginals. Fred, Proskos , Shawn and Ty. LOCATION. GROUPS AND TRIBES. POPULATION. Cree Population: 137 680 Ojibwa Population: 94 350 Largest Aboriginal Populations in Canada. Language of Subarctic and Forest Aboriginals.

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Subarctic and Forest Aboriginals

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  1. Subarctic and Forest Aboriginals Fred, Proskos, Shawn and Ty

  2. LOCATION

  3. GROUPS AND TRIBES

  4. POPULATION • Cree Population: 137 680 • Ojibwa Population: 94 350 • Largest Aboriginal Populations in Canada

  5. Language of Subarctic and Forest Aboriginals • Aboriginals from the North-eastern Woodlands can be grouped into two language groups, Cree and Ojibwa. Both Languages are part of the Algonquian language family. • The Ojibwa (Anishinabe) language is spoken by the Saulteaux, Ottawa (Odawa), Nipissing, Mississauga, and Algonquin (Algonkin) groups. • The Cree language is spoken by the Innu (known separately as the Montagnais and Naskapi). Although the people spoke one language they used at least nine dialects.

  6. Work • Consisted primarily of hunting, fishing, and plant gathering. • Wigwam’s were the most common shelter built. • Other Aboriginal groups such as the Cree became fur-trade middlemen between the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and Subarctic Athapaskans to the west.

  7. Diet & Hunting • Aboriginal people of the Subarctic lived by hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering wild plants. • Indigenous farming was not practical within their territory (crops successfully grown in the North today did not reach contiguous areas until after European contact). • Men did most of the big-game hunting, while women snared hare, fished, cut and dried meat, and processed hides.

  8. Inventions/Contributions • Living in the sub arctic conditions traveling through the deep snow in the winter was a problem. These aboriginal people created the snow shoe to help make long journeys in the snow easier and more enjoyable.

  9. Economics • Subarctic Aboriginal people typically lived in communities of 25-30 people.  • A group's size and the nature of its annual economic cycle were strongly influenced by the availability of local resources. • Sharing resources rather than the accumulation of wealth was emphasized among individuals and communities because it provided collective insurance against natural fluctuations in the availability.  • During the summer, when food was abundant, several local bands often resided together. 

  10. Politics • Most Subarctic bands did not have formal chiefs before European contact. People aligned themselves with individuals who manifested leadership and took the responsibility for specific tasks such as trading, war or communal hunting •  Fur traders, however, attempted to establish chiefs and to endow them with considerable power, in order to have better control of the Aboriginal population associated with trading posts. • Most adult men and women participated in decisions that affected the band.  • Families or individuals who did not agree with a particular decision were free to join another band or camp, or to act on their own for a time. • -Subarctic people were noted for the value they placed on personal autonomy as well as for the flexibility of their social organization.

  11. Works Cited (Diet and Inventions) Ridington, R. “Aboriginal People: Subarctic.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. December 16, 2013. Web. February 9, 2014. Valcourt, B. “First Nations and Inuit Contributions and Inventions” March 13, 1998. Web. February 12, 2014. • http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/aboriginal-people-subarctic/ • https://www.google.ca/#q=aboriginals+of+forests+and+sub+arctic+contributions • http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/socstud/foundation_gr2/blms/2-2-1c.pdf

  12. Works Citied (Politics and Economics) • "Aboriginal People: Subarctic." The Canadian Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/aboriginal-people-subarctic/>. • "Aboriginals: Algonquians/ Subarctic." Multicultural Canada. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/a4>. • "First Nations & Inuit- Tribal Groups- Subarctic." First Nations & Inuit- Tribal Groups- Subarctic. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/first_nations_inuit/subarctic.cfm>. • MacLean, Hope. Indians, Inuit, and Métis of Canada. Toronto, Ont.: Gage Pub., 1982. Print. • "We are Canadians." We are Canadians. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://wearecanadians.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/the-subarctic-peoples/>.

  13. Work Citied (Maps and Population) • http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/aboriginal-people-subarctic/ • http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/a1/5 • http://www.arcticathabaskancouncil.com/aac/?q=about

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