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The Boy in the Striped Pajamas. Introduction to the Holocaust and WWII. Definition .
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The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Introduction to the Holocaust and WWII
Definition • “The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community.” (http://www.ushmm.org/)
Targeted Groups • In addition to the Jewish people, other groups were targeted by the Nazis for being "racially inferior”; these include: • Roma (gypsies) • The disabled • Some Slavic people (Polish, Russian etc.) • Communists • Socialists • Homosexuals
Concentration Camps • Originally Concentration Camps were intended to hold political and ideological war prisoners • Around 1941, these camps began to be used to hold, and eventually murder Jews, Roma, and other “racially inferior” people. The train tracks leading up to the main entrance of Auschwitz-BirkenauCamp
The End of the War • In the final months of the war, SS guards moved camp inmates by train or on forced marches, often called “death marches” in order to stop the Allied forces from freeing their prisoners. • In 1945 forces moved across Europe liberating camps • On May 7th, 1945 Germany surrendered to the Allies • “Victory in Europe Day” (V-E Day) was proclaimed on May 8th and the survivors began to move to safety
The Guard’s Walk outside of Buchenwald Camp in Weimar, Germany A section of the outer fence at Auschwitz
Images of the outside and inside of the Crematorium at Buchenwald
Prisoners of Auschwitz in their uniforms (or “striped pajamas”)
Holocaust Death Toll • Between five and six million Jewish people • More than three million Soviet prisoners of war • More than four million Soviet, Polish and Yugoslavian civilians • About 70,000 men, women and children with mental and physical handicaps • More than 200,000 gypsies • Unknown numbers of political prisoners, resistance fighters, homosexuals and deportees
Israel Arbeiter Interview with Israel Arbeiter at Auschwitz