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IEEE Thesaurus & Taxonomy CS Role

IEEE Thesaurus & Taxonomy CS Role. Stephanie White T&C Board Meeting June 7 – 9, 2010. Content. Importance of improving CS aspect of Thesaurus IEEE Thesaurus & Taxonomy IEEE Thesaurus tools IEEE Thesaurus example IEEE Taxonomy example

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IEEE Thesaurus & Taxonomy CS Role

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  1. IEEEThesaurus & TaxonomyCS Role Stephanie White T&C Board Meeting June 7 – 9, 2010

  2. Content • Importance of improving CS aspect of Thesaurus • IEEE Thesaurus & Taxonomy • IEEE Thesaurus tools • IEEE Thesaurus example • IEEE Taxonomy example • The Ontology Project for all of Computing (Supported by NSF grant, ACM, IEEE CS) IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  3. Why improve CS aspect of IEEE Thesaurus? • Computer Society should ensure IEEE Thesaurus is complete, accurate & up-to-date • TAB policy that all papers in IEEE publications, shall include an abstract and appropriate indexing terms (keywords) selected from a centrally maintained IEEE "thesaurus" - 1998 • CS authors choose appropriate indexing terms (keywords) from the IEEE Thesaurus IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  4. Why improve CS aspect of IEEE Thesaurus? (continued) • Next, IEEE pays expert in field to read paper and add additional terms • Access Innovations uses Data Harmony thesaurus tools to find additional terms • CS members can quickly find IP authored by their peers (if thesaurus is effective) IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  5. Vision for TC Thesaurus • Each TC has thesaurus for their domain • Addresses core competencies • A living document: develop, revise as field changes & new topics emerge • Relates to publications, conferences, professional practices, standards, education & training (curriculum & materials) IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  6. Vision – Pubs & Research • Classify research more effectively • Support research article indexing & retrieval • Search not only by title, author, & keyword, but by related terms • Find topics rich in information & others where research is needed • Associate research topics • Identify overlapping research areas & gaps Credit to Boots Cassel, Ontology Project IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  7. Vision – Education, Practices, Std(s) • Support new educational programs • Validate existing educational programs • Relate terms to professional practices & standards • Societal need & use • Professional use • Systems, applications • Development & management processes • Use for TC website search & retrieval Credit to Boots Cassel, Ontology Project IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  8. T&C Organization Benefits • TC scope is better defined • TCs understand which other TCs have similar interest • New CS members can quickly find which TC to join IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  9. Ontology Vision – Pubs & Research • A topical ontology based on authors expertise. For example - lets say that I'm considering writing a paper on Privacy Assessments - I could look at the ontology tree to find the scholars who have written about privacy assessments - and either co-author a paper with them (assuming contact info is provided) or minimally reference their work or kibitz with them during the process of my research • From: Wayne Pauley to Jim Isaak IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  10. IEEE Thesaurus • Controlled vocabulary: 9,000+ descriptive engineering, technical and scientific terms used for information search & retrieval • It is controlled because all the terms are set (no others can be used) & relationships are defined. • Each descriptor represents a single concept or unit of thought IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  11. IEEE Thesaurus 2 • Scope based on material in IEEE journals, conference papers, standards, organizational material • Also IEEE-specific society terms, e.g. transaction names • Thesaurus construction based on the ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005 standard, Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabulary IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  12. IEEE Thesaurus 3 • Consulted with subject matter experts & information analysis specialists • To help people categorize or search • Related terms: • Broader term (BT), a parent or superset • Narrower terms (NT), a child or subset • Related terms (RT), not hierarchically linked ("on the same plane") • Use preferred term (USE), cross-reference • Used for (UF), cross-reference IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  13. IEEE Taxonomy • Hierarchical list of terms consistent with Thesaurus • Subset of Thesaurus • Shown with increasing indents • Only hierarchical relationships • Used as Keyword List supplied to authors to characterize their own articles IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  14. Taxonomy hierarchy ........Computer Networks ............Internet ................Instant messaging ................Internet telephony ................Internet topology ................Middleboxes ................Semantic Web ....................OWL ....................RDF ................Web services ....................Cloud computing • Internet is one level below Computer Networks • Instant messaging, Internet telephony, Internet topology, …, & Web services are all one level below Internet but two levels below Computer Networks • OWL  & Cloud computing are both three levels below Computer Networks IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  15. Why a Thesaurus & a Taxonomy? • A taxonomy is used where lists of acceptable terms are needed • A thesaurus is more suited to situations involving decisions • A document indexer uses a thesaurus to hone in on the narrowest terms that characterize the content • Indexers use term relationships to investigate related ideas & see if they characterize the document IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  16. IEEE Thesaurus ExampleComputer languages UF: Programming languages BT: Formal languages RT: Data structures Natural languages Software NT: Architecture description languages Command languages Database languages Hardware design languages High level languages Markup languages Specification languages Style sheet languages Visual BASIC IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  17. IEEE TaxonomyComputer languages, p.1 ....Computer science ........Formal languages ............Computer languages ................Architecture descript languages ................Command languages ................Database languages ................Hardware design languages ................High level languages ....................Java ....................Linux ....................Parallel languages ................Markup languages ....................HTML ....................OWL ....................Page description languages ....................SGML ....................XML IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  18. IEEE TaxonomyComputer languages, p.2 ................Specification languages ....................Domain specific languages ....................Unified modeling language ................Style sheet languages ....................Cascading style sheets ................Visual BASIC ............Runtime library ........Network theory (graphs) ........Programming ............Automatic programming ............Concatenated codes ............Functional programming ............Integer linear programming ................Constraint theory ................Mixed integer linear programming ............Logic programming ............Microprogramming ............Object oriented methods IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  19. IEEE Taxonomy Computer languages/programming, p. 3 ................Instruction sets ....................Out of order ....................Prefetching ....................Reduced instruction set computing ................Optimizing compilers ............Utility programs ........Software libraries ............Genetic programming ........Dynamic programming ........Reasoning about programs ........Runtime ............Dynamic compiler ............Runtime environment ........Software architecture ............Client server systems ................Servers ....................Web server ............Microarchitecture ............Representational state transfer ............Program processors ................Application specific processors IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  20. The Ontology Project (OP) http://what.csc.villanova.edu/twiki/bin/view/Main/OntologyProject • Supported in part by NSF, ACM, & IEEE CS • Represent entirety of computing & info related disciplines • Provide mechanism for easy, timely info update • Illustrate differences & overlaps of various disciplines addressing these topics • Describe various topics & subtopics of interest to educators & researchers in all disciplines concerned with computing, & management & processing of information IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  21. Questions OP Ontology Addresses (from website) • How to compare curricula, including across national boundaries? • Judgment-free comparison • Descriptive only, not value laden • Effect of international agreements, such as the Bologna agreement and the Washington Accord • Mapping outcomes to combinations of topics • Supporting curriculum development efforts IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  22. Computing Topic Classifiers (OP) InformationTopics IntelligentSystems MathematicalConnections ProgrammingFundamentals ProgrammingLanguages SecurityTopics SystemsDevelopment SystemsAndProjectManagment UserInterface • AlgorithmsComplexity • ComputerHardwareOrganization • ComputingAndNetworkSystems • ComputingEducation • ConceptualModeling • DiscreteStructures • EthicalSocial • GraphicsVisualizationMultimedia • HistoryComputing IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  23. Ontology Project (OP)Programming Languages p.1 Language Classifications Procedural Functional languages Applicative Single Assignment Object-oriented languages • Virtual machines • The concept of a virtual machine • Hierarchy of virtual machines • Intermediate languages • Formal Definitions • Theory IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  24. Ontology Project (OP)Programming Languages p.2 • Logic • Declarative • Constraint logic languages • Imperative • Event-Driven • Data flow languages • Concurrent Languages • Very high level languages (aka Fourth Generation Languages) • Query Languages • Assembly Languages • Design languages • Extensible languages • Microprogramming languages IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  25. OP Programming Languages cont’d. p.3 Language Constructs and Features Pointer to Programming Fundamentals Language Translation and Execution Interpreters Compilers Debuggers • Multiparadigm languages • Nondeterministic languages • Specialized application languages • Intermediate Languages • Metalanguage • Markup languages • Scripting languages • Modeling, specification languages (synonyms) IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  26. OP Programming Languages cont’d. p.4 Computer architecture-independent translation elements Regular expressions in lexical scanners Parsing (concrete and abstract syntax, abstract syntax trees) Context-free grammars in table-driven and recursive-descent parsing Symbol table management Code generation by tree walking Optimization techniques Tools for the translation process lexer (lexical analysis tool) parser Separate (modular) compilation Program libraries Linking • Language translation phases • lexical analysis • parsing • code generation • optimization • Computer architecture-specific translation requirements • Addressing modes • Instruction set • Instruction format • parallelism IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  27. OP Programming Languages cont’d. p.5 Language features: implementation issues Typing regimes Data structure models Name scopes Declarations binding visibility scope lifetime Instruction & control flow • Retargetable compilers • Translator writing systems compiler generators • Run time environments • PL design and implementation • Language design • General principles of language design • Design goals • Constraints • Programming language syntax IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  28. OP Programming Languages cont’d. p.6 Concurrent programming structures Threads Modules packages Frameworks Programming language semantics Informal semantics Formal semantics Denotational semantics Axiomatic semantics Operational semantics to top • Functions, procedures, and subroutines • Parameters • Run time memory management • Static and dynamic storage management • Activation records • Garbage collection • Stack • Heap • Coroutines • Data abstraction and object orientation • Input output • Exception handling IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  29. Visualization of the Ontology: Testing IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  30. OP Ontology, 11-04-2010 • The ontology is being coded as an OWL file • Not complete but partial file is available • Visitors to site can use it • Example - <owl:Classrdf:ID="Testing"> - <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Classrdf:ID="System_Verification_and_Validation" /> IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  31. The OP Team (in 2005) • Boots Cassel (chair), Jim Cross, Gordon Davies, Reza Kamali, Eydie Lawson, Rich LeBlanc, Andrew McGettrick, Russ Shackelford, Bob Sloan, HeikkiTopi, • Also contributing: Fred Mulder, and AnnekeHacquebard, Maarten van Veen • Growing list of interested parties IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  32. Sources of OP topics lists • ACM Computing Classification Scheme: http://www.acm.org/class/1998/ • Australian Computer Society http://www.acs.org.au/ • Curriculum Recommendations of the ACM, IEEE-CS, AIS: http://www.acm.org/education/curricula.html • German Accreditation for Informatics Programs: http://www.asiin.de/english/newdesign/index_ex5.html IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  33. Sources of lists of OP objectives & outcomes • ABET http://www.abet.org/ • British Computer Society http://www.bcs.org/BCS/Products/HEAccreditation/courseguidelines.htm • Lewis University http://www.lewisu.edu/academics/comsci/ • Ohio State University. Department of Computer Science and Engineering http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/ugrad/cseobjectives.shtml • University of Melbourne. Faculty of Engineering. Department of Computer Science and Engineering http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/courses/ugrad/bcsfi.html#RTFToC2 • Villanova University http://csc.villanova.edu/academics/csMajor/programObjectives • WPI (Worcester Polytechnic Institute) http://www.cs.wpi.edu/ IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  34. Background: IEEE's partnership with Access Innovations • AI reviewed uncontrolled IEEE term lists (6 years of all journals, search logs, and other term collections) • Created new taxonomy • Appropriate new terms • Structuring to reflect recent engineering changes • Data Harmony suite of taxonomy software tools • Probably not available to TCs (Adam Philippidis)   IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  35. Thesaurus support software • You may want to look over the software reviews at http://www.willpowerinfo.co.uk/thessoft.htmAlternatively there is freeware at http://publish.uwo.ca/~craven/freeware.htm IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  36. Is your TC ready to develop a taxonomy for your domain?Questions & Comments? IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  37. Visualization of the Ontology IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  38. IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  39. Project Goals, 2005,Boots Cassel presentation • Produce an interactive structure for representation and exploration of the unified body of knowledge of all of the computing and information related disciplines • Support development of new programs of study • Assist with validation of programs of study • Illuminate relationships among related disciplines • Support development of interdisciplinary programs • Classify research contributions • Illuminate interconnections • …etc. IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  40. Boots Cassell - 2005 • This is not just for curriculum development and comparison • Research work is tagged with appropriate topic areas to facilitate groupings and support searching • If well done, this project could lead to more effective categorization of related research IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  41. IEEE's partnership with Access Innovations • Provides Data Harmony suite of taxonomy software tools, see http://www.dataharmony.com/ • Create and manage controlled vocabularies • Transform your taxonomy into a full thesaurus or ontology • Craft your thesaurus to support navigation and search • Enrich your vocabulary with facets, custom relationships, and RDF tags • Define attributes to suit your requirements • Import and merge vocabularies IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

  42. Data Harmony Taxonomy Tools cont’d. • Export in XML, SKOS, OWL, and 11 other formats • Map your thesaurus to another thesaurus • Make your thesaurus multilingual • Tailor your systems to ensure relevant and complete search returns. • Integrate human intelligence into automated indexing • Automatically index legacy collections • Make search smarter IEEE Thesaurus & CS Role, Stephanie White

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