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ISLAMOPHOBIA and its origins

ISLAMOPHOBIA and its origins. Henk Dekker Leiden University Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Political Science department Lecture Excellent University Project Comenius University Bratislava 18 January 2008. Question:. How can we explain Islamophobia?. Relevance.

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ISLAMOPHOBIA and its origins

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  1. ISLAMOPHOBIA and its origins Henk Dekker Leiden University Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Political Science department Lecture Excellent University Project Comenius University Bratislava 18 January 2008

  2. Question: How can we explain Islamophobia?

  3. Relevance • Societal relevance • Scientific relevance • Muslims report more exclusion, discrimination, violence (EUMC).Public Opinion polls: • Negative attitudes • Fear Why? • Negative relationships will have a negative impact on social and political cohesion

  4. Attitude & Theories • Attitude: • The amount of affect for or against some object (Azjen and Fishbein, 1975) • Theories: • Direct Contact • Socialization • Inference • Realistic Group Conflict Theory • Social Identity Theory

  5. Sample & Methods • 581 respondents • Aged 14-16 • 3 educational levels • Areas with different degrees of ‘Muslim density’ • Data collection: March-April 2006 • Methods: • multiple regression analysis • Path-analysis

  6. Attitude towards the Islam and Muslims • Scale: 7 items (Cronbach’s alpha = .91) • General feeling Islam, Turks, Moroccans; • Trust Turks and Moroccans; • Favourability Turkish and Moroccan neighbours • Descriptives:

  7. Explanation: regression analysis • Predictors attitude towards the Islam and Muslims: • Evaluation of direct contact • Perceived symbolic threat • Perceived attitude personal socializers • Positive beliefs • National identification • Gender • Religiosity • Explained variance: 71.5 percent

  8. Explanation: path analysis II -

  9. Conclusion • Explanations of Islamophobia: • Main predictors: Direct contact, socialization, symbolic threat • Secondary: Positive beliefs, national attitude • Rejected hypotheses: • socialization by mass media • low level of knowledge; • negative emotions; • low self-esteem;

  10. Future research • Cross-national design • Longitudinal or panel design • Improved measurement of emotions, beliefs and knowledge • Other socializers: teachers, textbooks, politicians

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