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Section 3: The Phoenicians and the Lydians

Section 3: The Phoenicians and the Lydians. Phoenician Cargo Ship. Lydian coins.

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Section 3: The Phoenicians and the Lydians

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  1. Section 3: The Phoenicians and the Lydians Phoenician Cargo Ship Lydian coins

  2. The Story Continues: “Who was ever silenced like Tyre . . . ? When your merchandise went out on the seas, you satisfied many nations; with your great wealth and your wares you enriched the kings of the earth.” This passage from the Bible evokes the splendor of the Phoenician city-state of Tyre at its height.

  3. A. Geography I. The Phoenicians

  4. Phoenicia lay at the western end of the Fertile Crescent - modern Israel, Lebanon, and Syria A. Geography

  5. A. Geography Phoenicia was a loose union of city-states, each governed by a king

  6. A. Geography Lacking fertile land and with mountains blocking expansion, the Phoenicians began trading on the sea

  7. B. Phoenician Trade They became the greatest traders of the ancient world and established colonies in Italy, Spain and North Africa

  8. B. Phoenician Trade Phoenicians traded cedar from Lebanon, dried fish, linen, olive oil, and wine

  9. B. Phoenician Trade They made gold and silver trade goods using methods learned from the Egyptians Bronze Bull covered in gold leaf, from a Phoenician Temple at Byblos, Phoenicia Phoenician jewelry

  10. B. Phoenician Trade Phoenicia invented the art of glassblowing and traded glass items Phoenician glass bottles Phoenician glass bead necklace Gold bracelet w/glass Phoenician Beads

  11. B. Phoenician Trade Phoenicians made a purple dye (royal purple) from a shellfish called the murex

  12. B. Phoenician Trade The cities of Sidon and Tyre became centers of the dyeing trade Sea castle, Sidon Ruins in Tyre

  13. C. Phoenician Culture The Phoenicians helped to spread Egyptian and Babylonian culture throughout the Mediterranean region Phoenicians bireme (a ship with two banks of oars) ca. 700 BC

  14. C. Phoenician Culture Religion was focused on winning the favor of their gods and sometimes involved human sacrifice Baal – The sun-god Phoenician goddess figurines Astarte - the supreme female divinity

  15. C. Phoenician Culture The Phoenicians never established a major empire; their cities were conquered by the Assyrians

  16. C. Phoenician Culture The Greeks and Romans adapted the Phoenician alphabet into the one we use today

  17. II. The Lydians A. Geography Lydia was located in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey)

  18. B. Lydian Contributions They are remembered for inventing money - coins made of gold and silver – to replace barter

  19. B. Lydian Contributions Lydian traders developed a money economy - a system based on money as a measure of value and a unit of account

  20. B. Lydian Contributions The Lydians passed this on to the Greeks and Persians, who spread the concept to other parts of the world

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