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World History Science and Exploration. Mrs. Kercher 8 th Grade Gifted. Essential Question. How did new ideas lead to exploration and cultural and economic change?. The Scientific Revolution. The Big Idea:
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World HistoryScience and Exploration Mrs. Kercher 8th Grade Gifted
Essential Question How did new ideas lead to exploration and cultural and economic change?
The Scientific Revolution The Big Idea: Europeans developed a new way of gaining knowledge, leading to a Scientific Revolution that changed the way people thought about the world. Can anyone explain this?
Birth of Modern Science • Science was a completely different way of looking at the world. • Science starts with observations, and then scientists begin to identify the facts. • The explanations that scientists develop based on the facts are called theories. • Scientists design experiments to prove their theories.
Roots of the Revolution • Many ideas of the Scientific Revolution had been expressed in ancient times. • Greek thinkers such as Aristotle and Ptolemy were rationalists. Europeans studies their work and also began to view the world in a rational way, thinking like scientists. • Rationalists looked at the world in a rational, or reasonable and logical way. • Developments in Europe, such as the growth of humanism, helped bring about this revolution.
Discoveries and Inventions • Columbus set out to sail to Asia using a map created by Ptolemy. • He reached North America first. • This proved that the ancient Greek authorities were incorrect. • This led other people to question the theories of the ancient Greeks.
Advances in Astronomy • Copernicus published a book that contradicted what Ptolemy had written • This marked the beginning of the Scientific Revolution. • Ptolemy believed the earth was at the center of the universe. • Copernicus said the planets orbited the sun.
Advances in Astronomy • Brahe charted the positions of the stars, using careful observation and detailed recordings. • Kepler observed planets moving in oval orbits, not circular ones. • Galilei was the first person to study the sky with a telescope. He used experiments to test his theories.
Sir Isaac Newton • He was a British scientist who wrote the book Principia Mathematica. • He noted as the greatest scientist who ever lived. • Some of his theories have been proved so many times that they are now called laws. • He is known for the law of gravity and laws of motion.
New Inventions • Simple Microscope • Thermometer • Improved telescope • Barometer • These inventions and many more gave scientists tools to make more accurate observations and to conduct experiments.
Effects on Society • The scientific method provided steps to performing experiments and research. • The use of reason to consider the problems of society led philosophers to look at ways to improve society. • The idea that all things in nature were equal led people to believe that since all laws in society were equal, everyone should be equal as well. • This led to a more democratic idea for government.
Biographical Backgrounds • Brahe, Galilei, and van Leeuwenhoek • Read and reflect on the three scientists. • Create three word art pictures using their last names and incorporating their accomplishments.