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World Exploration

World Exploration. Why Explore?. GOLD, GLORY and GOD Demand for goods (spices) Muslims and Italians controlled trade routes- wanted direct routes. Take out the middle man.

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World Exploration

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  1. World Exploration

  2. Why Explore? • GOLD, GLORY and GOD • Demand for goods (spices) • Muslims and Italians controlled trade routes- wanted direct routes. Take out the middle man. • Mercantilism--belief that a nation’s real wealth was measured in its gold and silver treasure.

  3. Portugal • Portugal • Prince Henry the Navigator • School for exploration • Dias – Cape of Good Hope • Da Gama – Gets to India!!

  4. Spain • Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand • Line of Demarcation-- Treaty of Tordesailles • Magellan – Circumnavigates (goes around the world) • Balboa Ponce de Leon and Columbus

  5. Portugal influences Brazil Spain—rest of Central and South America

  6. Northwest Passage • England: John Cabot and Henry Hudson • France: Jacque Cartier and Verranzzano

  7. Southeast Asia • Geography—mainland and many small islands • Monsoons shaped trading patterns • Women were successful merchants and rulers in some ports • Vietnam • Ruled by China for 1000 years

  8. PortugalIn Southeast Asia • Indian Ocean--Portuguese Lake • Gained control by military force • Burned towns, destroyed Asian fleets • Muslims resented Portuguese because of religious intolerance • Missionaries caused resentment • Portuguese remain on the fringe of Asian trade (strong at sea not on land)

  9. Dutch and SpanishIn Southeast Asia • By 1500's Dutch were the front runners of European commerce • Formed Dutch East Indies Company • Captured many Portuguese ports, • Used the military to expand trade, but forged ties to local authorities • Spain conquers the Philippines easily because Filipinos were not united

  10. Europe and India • India’s ruling dynasty--Mughals were very civilized--larger and more powerful than Europe • Portuguese, English, French and Dutch allowed to build forts • When Mughals lost power, French and English fought over control of India • England gains control of India because of military strength and clever diplomacy • The decline of the Mughal empire was because of religious intolerance • British East India Company drove the French out and forced the Mughals to recognize its power in Bengal Robert Clive

  11. Early China • Ming dynasty had ended sea explorations in 1400's • Didn’t like the foreigners--thought they had little to trade/inferior products--gold/silver only • Macao--Canton only places that they could trade during the trading season.

  12. Korea and Japan • Korea, like China limited trading with outsiders • Had wars with Japan and the Manchus—became isolated • Came to be known as Hermit Kingdom • Japan at first welcomed traders • Adopted firearms and built castles • Adopted Christianity • Tokugawa shoguns grew increasingly hostile and barred Western traders—became isolated

  13. The Americas • Conquistadors wanted riches and to convert Native Americans • Cortes used help from the conquered peoples to fight the Aztecs • Montezuma sent gifts in hopes that the Spanish (Quetzalcoatl?) would not continue to Tenochtitlan • The Spanish destroy the city and later build Mexico City • Pizzaro killed thousands of Peruvians and demanded ransom for their ruler and then killed him anyway.

  14. Reasons for Victory • Superior Military Technology • Horses, muskets, cannons, metal helmets and armor • Division and Discontent among the Indians • Disease brought by the Europeans • Thought that gods had deserted them because the Spanish seemed immune to the diseases that devastated the Indians • Indians believed that the disasters marked the world’s end.

  15. Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas • Spain determined to have strict control over empire both politically and economically • Catholic Church baptized and forced Indians into European customs • Forbade the use of Indian slaves after abuses in the system--encomiendas • Brought slaves from Africa instead • Portugal did not bring back instant wealth • Forced Indians to clear land • Cattle ranching

  16. North America • British and French compete over lands • British settle along the coast and around Hudson Bay • French settle along Mississippi River and around the Great Lakes • Jamestown nearly failed—tobacco • French find fur • Seven Years War--In N. America and Europe • France had to give up its claims in N. America • Native Americans are killed by settlers and disease

  17. Africa • Outposts set on the coasts of Africa by European nations • Portugal is first • Many of the new kingdoms that developed in West Africa in the early modern age were influenced by Islam • Most important part of African trade--slaves • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage-- Floating coffins • About 11 million slaves went to America • Columbian Exchange—plants, technology and cultures

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